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2. Effect of selenium on CO2 and NO3- assimilation under low and adequate nitrogen supply in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Creator:
Hajiboland, R. and Sadeghzade, N.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fotosyntéza, pšenice, photosynthesis, wheat, chlorophyll fluorescence, net assimilation rate, nitrate reductase, nutrients, Triticum aestivum L, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
In order to study the mechanisms of Se-mediated growth improvement as related to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism, wheat plants were cultivated hydroponically with adequate (4 mM, Na) or low (1 mM, Nd) N supply and treated with 10 and 50 μM Na2SeO4 for six weeks. The Se supplementation enhanced plant biomass; it was significant for shoots of Na plants at 50 μM Se. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were significantly lowered under Nd conditions but restored completely by Se addition reaching values of those in Na plants. Net CO2 assimilation rate (PN) decreased only slightly by limited N availability, but it enhanced significantly in both Nd and Na plants equally by 10 and 50 μM Se. Effect of Se on PN in the Na plants occurred mainly due to the stomata opening, while it was related to both stomatal and nonstomatal mechanisms in the Nd plants. The Se treatment resulted in enhancement of nitrate reductase (NR) activity in both Na and Nd plants with an optimal response at 10 μM Se. Negative correlations between nitrate concentration and NR activity indicated a partial nitrate depletion in the roots following by elevated NR activity in Nd plants. In contrast, nitrite concentrations were higher in the Se treated plants. Higher amino acids and protein concentrations in the Se-treated plants might be an indication of a general upregulation of N metabolism. However, in Na plants, the stimulation of N metabolism was not observed at 50 μM Se which could not be attributed to lesser availability of C skeletons because of maintaning higher CO2 fixation under these conditions. It implies the function of some regulatory mechanisms that are responsible for coordination of C and N metabolism in whole plant., R. Hajiboland, N. Sadeghzade., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3. Evaluation of photosynthetic performance of wheat cultivars exposed to boron toxicity by the JIP fluorescence test

Creator:
Öz, M. T., Turan, Ö., Kayihan, C., Eyidoğan, F., Ekmekçi, Y., Yücel, M., and Öktem, H. A.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fotosyntéza, pšenice, bor, photosynthesis, wheat, boron, chlorophyll fluorescence, fluorescence transient, performance index, Triticum aestivum L, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
The changes in growth and photosynthetic performance of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Bolal-2973 and Atay-85) differing in their sensitivity to boron (B) toxicity were investigated under toxic B conditions. Eight-day old seedlings were exposed to highly toxic B concentrations (5, 7.5, and 10 mM H3BO3) for 5 and 9 days. Fast chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics was determined and analysed using JIP test. Growth parameters, tissue B contents, and membrane damage were measured at two stress durations. The photochemical performance of PSII was hindered more in the sensitive cultivar (Atay-85) than that of the tolerant one (Bolal-2973) under B toxicity. The increase in the B concentration and stress duration caused membrane leakage in both cultivars. However, higher membrane damage was observed in Atay-85 compared to Bolal-2973. Additionally, significant reduction of growth parameters was observed in both cultivars at toxic B concentrations. The accumulation of B was higher in shoots than in roots of both cultivars. Nevertheless, Atay-85 translocated more B from roots to leaves compared to Bolal-2973. The advantages of certain JIP test parameters were demonstrated for evaluation of PSII activity in plants exposed to B stress. Evaluation of photosynthetic performance by JIP test as well as assessment of growth and tissue B content might be used to determine the effects of B toxicity in wheat. The results indicated lesser sensitivity to B toxicity in Bolal-2973 compared to Atay-85., M. T. Öz, Ö. Turan, C. Kayihan, F. Eyidoğan, Y. Ekmekçi, M. Yücel, H. A. Öktem., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4. Evaluation of photosynthetic potential of wheat genotypes under drought condition

Creator:
Sikder, S., Foulkes, J., West, H., De Silva, J., Gaju, O., Greenland, A., and Howell, P.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
pšenice, sucha, photosynthesis, wheat, Velká Británie, leaf gas-exchange measurements, leaf gas exchange, pot experiment, water regimes, drought, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Water availability is one of the most important limiting factors in agriculture worldwide, particularly in arid and semiarid regions. Six spring wheat genotypes, i.e. three UK cultivars Cadenza, Paragon, and Xi-19 and three synthetic-derived lines L-22, L-24, and L-38, were grown in a phytotron under well-watered (until 40 days after sowing) and drought conditions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the traits related to photosynthetic capacity (net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, carboxylation capacity, instantaneous and intrinsic water-use efficiency) and plant biomass production in the cultivars and synthetic derivatives of wheat genotypes under well-watered and water-limited conditions. Genotypic variations in gas-exchange traits including net photosynthetic rate, carboxylation capacity, instantaneous water-use efficiency, and biomass yield were found amongst genotypes. Drought significantly reduced the total dry matter per plant. The synthetic derivatives L-22 and L-24 showed higher performance of stomata for most of the stomatal aperture characteristics. Total dry matter was positively related to net photosynthetic rate and to instantaneous and intrinsic water-use efficiencies. Finally, net photosynthetic rate was also positively related to stomatal conductance and transpiration rate under both the well-watered and water-limited drought conditions., S. Sikder, J. Foulkes, H. West, J. De Silva, O. Gaju, A. Greenland, P. Howell., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5. Exogenous Ca2+ alleviates waterlogging-caused damages to pepper

Creator:
Yang, B. Z., Liu, Z. B., Zhou, S. D., Ou, L. J., Dai, X. Z., Ma, Y. Q., Zhang, Z. Q., Chen, W. C., Li, X. F., Liang, C. L., Yang, S., and Zou, X. X.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
vápník, biomasa, karotenoidy, pšenice, calcium, biomass, carotenoids, wheat, Capsicum annuum, waterlogging, CaCl2, kalmodulin, výměna plynu, respiratory, calmodulin, gas exchange, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Ca2+ has been considered as a necessary ion for alleviation of stress-induced damages in plants. We investigated effects of exogenous Ca2+ on waterlogging-induced damage to pepper and its underlying mechanisms. Pepper seedlings under stress were treated by spraying of 10 mM CaCl2. Applying exogenous Ca2+ increased the biomass of pepper leaves and roots, improved photosynthetic characteristics, membrane permeability, root activity, osmotic substance contents, antioxidant enzyme and alcohol dehydrogenase activities, while it reduced lactate dehydrogenase activity. It maintained hydroxide radical contents and activities of malate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase relatively high. Our results suggested that applying exogenous Ca2+ could regulate osmotic substance contents, antioxidant system activity, root respiration, and metabolism, and subsequently alleviate waterlogging-induced damages to pepper plants., B. Z. Yang, Z. B. Liu, S. D. Zhou, L. J. Ou, X. Z. Dai, Y. Q. Ma, Z. Q. Zhang, W. C. Chen, X. F. Li, C. L. Liang, S. Yang, X. X. Zou., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

6. Genetic basis of traits related to stomatal conductance in wheat cultivars in response to drought stress

Creator:
Wang, S. G., Jia, S. S., Sun, D. Z., Wang, H. Y., Dong, F. F., Ma, H. X., Jing, R. L., and Ma, G.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fotosyntéza, pšenice, photosynthesis, wheat, drought stress, photosynthetic rate, quantitative trait loci, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
The genetic basis of stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthetic rate (PN), and transpiration rate (E) was explored by using a wheat doubled haploid population from a cross of Hanxuan10 and Lumai 14. The above three traits were evaluated in wheat flag leaves at 10, 20, 30 days after anthesis under drought stress (DS) and well-watered (WW), and quantitative trait loci (QTL) were analyzed. Expression of the traits during the grain filling stage showed downward trends under both conditions, but expression of three phenotypes were stronger under WW than those under DS. Extremely significant positive correlations were established among the traits at all growth stages under both conditions. A total of 18 additive QTLs for those traits were identified on 10 chromosomes. Among them, two batches of nine additive QTLs were associated with the target traits under DS and WW, respectively. Two additive QTLs for gs and E, two for gs and PN, six for gs, PN, and E clustered at the same or near the region (colocation) of chromosomes 4A, 2B, and 7B, respectively. This provided genetic basis for close phenotype correlations among gs, PN, and E. Furthermore, QTLs for gs, PN, and E near Xgwm577 and Xgwm611 located on 7B chromosome were linked to previously reported QTLs regulating a SPAD value and the chlorophyll a/b ratio under dark-induced condition. This finding indicated that these QTLs on 7B chromosome might be involved in the process of wheat leaf senescence., S. G. Wang, S. S. Jia, D. Z. Sun, H. Y. Wang, F. F. Dong, H. X. Ma, R. L. Jing, G. Ma., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

7. Genom pšenice

Creator:
Jaroslav Doležel
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, rostlinný genom, pšenice, genetika rostlin, plant genome, wheat, plant genetics, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
The work of a research team led by Professor Jaroslav Doležel at the Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR has contributed to an article in the journal Science. The International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium published a draft sequence of the bread wheat genome in the journal. The genetic blueprint of the wheat genome was obtained using the chromosome-based strategy developed by Professor Doležel’s team. The chromosome-based draft provides new insight into the structure, organization, and evolution of the large, complex genome of the world’s most widely grown cereal crop. The genetic blueprint is an invaluable resource to plant science researchers and breeders. For the first time, they have at their disposal a set of tools enabling them to rapidly locate specific genes on individual wheat chromosomes throughout the genome. and Jaroslav Doležel.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8. Investigating role of Triton X-100 in ameliorating deleterious effects of anthracene in wheat plants

Creator:
Sharma, C., Mathur, S., Tomar, R. S., and Jajoo, A.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
pšenice, wheat, antracen, fluorescence chlorofylu a, fotosystém II, heterogenita, anthracene, chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosystem II, heterogeneity, Triton X-100, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
This study focused on the deleterious effect of anthracene (ANT) and role of a surfactant, Triton (TX-100), in recovery from inhibitory effect of ANT. Fast chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence measurements were performed in wheat plants. Results revealed that maximum quantum yield of PSII, area over the fluorescence curve, performance index (PI), and reaction centre density was negatively affected by ANT treatment. The effects on PSII quantum efficiency, reaction centre density, absorption, and trapping were partially recovered by TX-100. PSII heterogeneity in terms of PSII antenna heterogeneity, corresponding to PSII α, β, and γ centres, and reducing side, corresponding to QB-reducing and QB-nonreducing centres, were also investigated. The damage caused by ANT to PSII antenna heterogeneity was recovered almost by 100% owing to TX-100., C. Sharma, S. Mathur, R. S. Tomar, A. Jajoo., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

9. Knihovna náročného čtenáře - čtení v genomu pšenice

Creator:
Vrána, Jan
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Botanika, genom, pšenice, 2, and 58
Language:
Czech
Description:
The genome of Bread wheat is still poorly understood, mainly due to its enormous size, hexaploid status and abundant repetitive sequences. Chromosome genomics simplifies the task by targeting single chromosomes and their arms. Advantages of this strategy over awhole-genome approach include the avoidance of problems due to the presence of homoeologs, reduction of work to manageable portions, cost efficiency and an opportunity for collaboration. and Jan Vrána.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

10. Photosynthetic response of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat to water stress

Creator:
Li, Y. P., Li, Y. Y., Li, D. Y., Wang, S. W., and Zhang, S. Q.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
pšenice, wheat, izotopy uhlíku, enzymové aktivity, vodní stres, tetraploidy, hexaploidy, carbon isotope, ear photosynthesis, enzyme activities, water relations, water stress, tetraploids, hexaploids, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Photosynthetic characteristics of ear and flag leaves of wheat species, tetraploid Triticum dicoccoides Kom and hexaploid Bima1, were studied in plants grown under well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) conditions. Compared to ears, flag leaves exhibited higher photosynthetic rate (PN) at the filling stage, but more severe decrease under WS. PN in the tetraploid wheat ear remained higher than that in the hexaploid wheat during the grain-filling stage. Water stress decreased PN in both the organs; this decline was caused by a reduction in Rubisco activity, not by drought-induced stomatal limitation. Tetraploid wheat ears exhibited higher relative water content and water-use efficiency than that of hexaploid wheat, under WS. The change in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity and carbon isotope composition indicated the absence of C4 metabolism in the ears of both species under both conditions. The improved performance of the tetraploid wheat ears under WS was associated with better water relations., Y. P. Li, Y. Y. Li, D. Y. Li, S. W. Wang, S. Q. Zhang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public