The study "Vojta Náprstek and Antonín Dignowity : the ideal world of two freethinkers in the begining of Czech community in the USA" deals with comparision of religious, national, social and political ideas of two representatives of Czech immigration in the USA in the mid-nineteenth century.
The focus of the paper is on the topic celebrations of anniversaries important for society of The First Czechoslovak Republic. Emphasis is put on the contrast between the celebrations of the Czechoslovak Legion and the sidelining of non-Legionary military activities after the First World War. The article covers the forms of commemorating during the representative festivities and the progressive development of their selection. The Czechoslovak Army posed an integral part of all of significant celebrations of the Czechoslovak nation. The study doesn't see the army exclusively as a stationary part of acts of reverence and commemorations, but also as an organiser of such festivities.
The roots of the Imperial Principality of Liechtenstein reach back to the late Middle Ages. In 1342, the County of Vaduz came into being, and in 1379 its owners were granted important privileges of jurisdiction (freedom from foreign judges). From 1396 to 1719, imperial immediacy was confirmed more than 25 times by the emperors. From 1500, the sovereigns were recognized as imperial estates. Over some 300 years the dynasties changed five times. With the exception of the Princes of Liechtenstein, all of them were economically too weak to ensure continuity over a longer period of time. This was only possible for the Princes of Liechtenstein, who bought the domain of Schellenberg in 1699 and the County of Vaduz in 1712. Greater continuity and thus the centuries-long existence of the small but immediate county was made possible by the Holy Roman Empire, its laws and its institutions.
Masaryk's interpretation of faith and religion presented a challenge both for the so-called Masaryk Slovaks and his critics. This paper focuses on a few reactions from selected authors, from the most famous follower of Masaryk's ideas on philosophy – s. Štúr – to the theologians J. Lajčiak and F. Jehlička. This particular issue – the interpretation of faith and religion in the lives of individuals as well as the whole of society – forms part of the presentation of Masaryk's ideas in a Slovak context.
Since the end of the 18th century, in times of proto-industrialization and the industrial revolution in the Austrian-Hungarian empire, the factory authorizations have become a new type of documents. They were accorded by the king and later by the highest administrative office, the Moravian guberniya, to entrepreneurs on the basis of their written request. The purpose of these documents was to ensure law norms in favour of entrepreneurs and their businesses in their dealings with the government offices. Since the beginning there were two types of factory authorizations – the lower type, called simple factory authorization, which was a licence for the business and the higher type, called formal territorial factory authorization, which guaranteed advantages like establishing selling warehouses with goods in the capital cities of Austrian-Hungarian provinces, freedom from having to house the military forces and from recruiting qualified employers and also the freedom from the constant supervision of the guilds over the factory production and the education of the apprentices. The factory authorizations were being accorded until the introduction of the new trade codification inn 1859. The author is concerned with the development of the factory authorizations until their cancellation, with the practice of according these authorizations and with the analysis of their text, using the samples of factory authorizations which were returned to the offices by their owners after their businesses were terminated.
The aim of the study is to acquaint the reader with the importance of celebrations, holidays and anniversaries related to prominent figures of socialism in the school environment. On the one hand, it is possible to talk about official school parties, celebrations and events for parents and the general public. The second meaning was largely hidden and is described in the study as education by example, the aim of which was to educate students exactly according to the actions of selected personalities and their character traits. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin's personality was chosen for the case study.
Communist Czechoslovakia was looking for opportunities for ideological action in western countries at the turn of the 1950s and 1960s. It should have the widest possible range, at the same time it had to be however so inconspicuous so that it did not prompt a negative reaction of local authorities. Purpose-built updating of selected anniversaries of historical events was an interesting tool of Czechoslovak propaganda. In the case of France, particularly events related to Germany were remembered. Actually, the aim of that propaganda was – first of all – to point out the alleged danger arising from the cooperation of western countries with the Federal Republic of Germany, which resulted for example in the Élysée Treaty in 1963.
The aim of this work is to map the investigative procedure, using an example of a case in today Břeclav district. Special focus is placed on the information from the interrogation protocols and their influence on individual acts during the investigation. It also examines which authorities conducted the investigation of crime and which authorities were assisting them.