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1. "To make use of the enormous positive and actual potential of the Hussite Movement.": the role of the Bohemian Reformation in relations between the czech Protestants and the Communist Regime

Creator:
Peter C. A. Morée
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Filozofie, reformace, protestanté, protestantismus, komunismus, reformation, Protestants, Protestantism, communism, Česko, Czechia, 5, and 101
Language:
Czech
Description:
Peter Morée. and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3. Door-to-door agitation : home as a political tool in the Stalinist Budapest (1948–1953)

Creator:
Huhák, Heléna
Format:
text/pdf
Type:
Article
Subject:
agitation, Budapest, communism, gender, local party work, Auxiliary Historical Sciences, and History
Language:
English
Description:
This study focuses on the door-to-door agitation based on the ideology of the communist system. As the everyday practice of propaganda and mass mobilization, the agitators were appearing in the homes of families in Budapest regularly between 1948 and 1953. The documents of agitation uncover how the Hungarian communist party intended to mobilize the society to support the party-state and what was the social perceptions of this attempt. Since the home was considered female territory, the work of the local party organizations also offers insights into the role of women in the agitation campaigns.
Rights:
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International and unknown

4. Konference ''90 let českého a slovenského komunismu''

Creator:
Vítězslav Sommer
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
konference, komunismus, conference, communism, 8, and 93/94
Language:
Czech
Description:
Pod uvedeným názvem se ve dnech 3. až 5. listopadu 2011 uskutečnila v Hrzánském paláci v Praze mezinárodní historická konference, kterou upořádal Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů a Ústav pro soudobé dějiny Akademie věd ČR, v. v. i., ve spolupráci s Historickým ústavem Slovenské akademie věd u příležitosti devadesáti let od založení Komunistické strany Československa. Přestože se řada referátů nesla v duchu zavedených historiografických koncepcí, projevil se podle autora jako výrazný trend postupný přechod od tradičně pojímaných politických dějin k široce definovaným dějinám kulturním a sociálním. Spolu s tím dochází také k historizaci fenoménu komunismu v českém a slovenském dějepisectví., From 3 to 5 November 2011, an international conference entitled ‘Ninety Years of Czech and Slovak Communism’ took place in Hrzán Palais, Prague. It was organized by the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes and the Institute of Contemporary History at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, both of which are based in Prague, together with the Institute of History at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, to mark the ninetieth anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. Though many of the papers were in the spirit of established historiographical conceptions, a striking recent trend, according to the author of this report, has been the gradual shift from traditionally conceived political history to broadly defined cultural and social history. Together with this trend there has also been a historicization of the phenomenon of Communism in Czech and Slovak historiography., and Vítězslav Sommer.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

5. Králův šašek versus králové šašků, aneb, Divadelní opozice za totality v Česku a v Rumunsku

Creator:
Duţă, Dan Mircea
Format:
text/pdf
Type:
Article
Subject:
theatre, opposition, communism, Romania, playhouses, singers, parallel, Ceauşescu, Prague Spring 1968, democratization, liberalism, dictatorship, socialism, and Balkan Studies
Language:
Czech
Description:
This material contains an attempt in comparing the Czech and the Romanian way of building a kind of opposition to the communist dictatorship with the means specific to theater. The first part of the material proposes a parallel between the Czech and the Romanian personality at national and individual level, specifying that the differences are given not only by the different origins of those two nations, but also by the specific historical conditions they passed through. It is then specified that the author is aware of the little possibilities of the Czech and Slovak people interested in the filed have to find out how things were in the world of the Romanian theater during the communist regime, whilst materials about the Polish, Russian, East-German or Hungarian oppositional activity during communism is far better known. Then a presentation of the Romanian theater world after the Second World War follows, stressing the lack of alternative to the state theaters in Romania, by difference to what was happening in Czechoslovakia. Then the possibilities of developing a kind of oppositional activity is presented for each kind of theater show in Romania, stressing that the biggest theaters were the most active. Then a parallel is suggested between the oppositional activity of theaters in Czechoslovakia (mainly in the Czech lands) and Romania, by explaining likenesses and differences.
Rights:
unknown

6. Kritika oslav 28. října v českých zemích 1918–1938 – analýza tiskových trestních spisů

Creator:
Strašák, Adam
Format:
text/pdf
Type:
Article
Subject:
celebrations, criticism, protest, communism, German minority in Czechoslovakia, Cieszyn region, Polish minority in Czechoslovakia, October 28th, media, Auxiliary Historical Sciences, and History
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article deals with a dissent discourse against celebrations of October 28th in the era of the First Czechoslovak republic found in court records. Primarily, is researched a discourse of members of the German and Polish community in the Czech lands. Besides ways of shaping a negative image of the celebrations there are researched also attempts to create alternative festivities which could connect the citizens with certain political movements.
Rights:
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International and unknown

7. Menšiny za komunismu: dvě úvahy nad knihou Matěje Spurného

Creator:
Kateřina Čapková
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
od 1945, národnostní menšiny, komunismus, menšinová politika, Československo, national minorities, communism, minority politics, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech
Description:
Kniha Matěje Spurného Nejsou jako my: Česká společnost a menšiny v pohraničí (1945–1960) (Praha, Antikomplex 2011) podle autorky obohacuje českou historiografii o analýzu státní politiky vůči menšinám v poválečném českém pohraničí, nevypovídá však přitom ani tak o těchto menšinách a periferii jako spíš o většinové společnosti a centru. Spurný skvěle analyzuje jazyk propagandy a nacionalistické ideologie, vnáší do české historiografie nová stěžejní témata a významně přispívá do diskuse o charakteru komunistického režimu. Autorka se ovšem ve svých úvahách soustředí na teoretický rámec knihy. Problematizuje Spurného vymezení menšiny, v němž se dle jejího soudu nereflektovaně mísí sociálněkonstruktivistický přístup s objektivistickým pojetím založeným na přesvědčení o existenci konkrétních kritérií etnicity. Menšiny, které jsou předmětem jeho studia, ve skutečnosti nebyly vyčleněny na základě objektivních národních znaků, ale na základě hledisek, jimiž je poměřovala většinová společnost a její reprezentace. Ve druhé úvaze pak autorka vede diskusi o postavení národnostních menšin za komunismu, zejména o menšinové politice v Sovětském svazu. Ta je podle ní ve své až extrémní rozpornosti těžko uchopitelná, za její nejvýraznější rys však považuje umělou konstrukci etnických menšin. Tato skutečnost mimo jiné problematizuje zásluhy komunistického režimu o emancipaci menšin, jak o nich píše Spurný v souvislosti s československými Romy., According to the author of this article, Matěj Spurný’s Nejsou jako my: Česká společnost a menšiny v pohraničí (1945–1960) (They Are Not Like Us: Czech Society and Minorities in the Borderlands, 1945–60; Prague: Antikomplex, 2011) enriches Czech historiography with its analysis of state policy on minorities in the Czech borderlands after the Second World War. But the work says less about these minorities and the periphery than it does about majority society and the centre. Spurný provides a superb analysis of the language of propaganda and nationalist ideology, introduces key new topics into Czech writing about history, and contributes importantly to the discussion about the nature of the Czechoslovak Communist régime. By contrast, she concentrates on the theoretical framework of Spurný’s book, and takes issue with his definition of ‘minority’, in which, according to her, he unthinkingly combines a social-constructivist approach with an objectivist conception based on his belief in the existence of real criteria of ethnicity. The minorities that are the topic of Spurný’s book were not, she argues, actually excluded on the basis of objective national (or ethnic) features, but on the basis of perspectives by which majority society and its representatives gauged them. The author then discusses the status of national minorities under Communist régimes, particularly minority policy in the Soviet Union. That, according to her, in its extremely contradictory nature, is hard to comprehend, but she considers its most striking feature to be the artificial construct of ethnic minorities. This fact makes problematic, among other things, any credit that the Communist régime is allegedly due for having emancipated minorities, as Spurný writes they had done in connection with the Roma of Czechoslovakia., Kateřina Čapková., and Tři hlasy k jedné knize
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8. Mezi dvěma slunci: Československo ve střetu Moskvy a Pekingu o mezinárodní komunistické hnutí (1953-1962)

Creator:
Daniela Kolenovská
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
1948-1967, 1953-1962, komunistický režim, komunismus, communist regime, communism, Československo, Moskva (Rusko), Peking (Čína), Czechoslovakia, Moscow (Russia), Beijing (China), 8, and 93/94
Language:
Czech
Description:
a1_Autorka sleduje vývoj československé pozice v mezinárodním komunistickém hnutí po převzetí mocenského monopolu v zemi Komunistickou stranou Československa a soustředí se přitom na její poměr vůči sovětským a čínským komunistům, reprezentujícím od padesátých let minulého století dvě konkurenční mocenská centra ve světovém komunismu. Konstatuje, že v zahraniční politice Československa komunisté nadřadili internacionální solidaritu dělnictva obhajobě státních zájmů a v souladu s touto ideologickou směrnicí se československé zahraničněpolitické úkoly utvářely primárně podle potřeb sovětské agendy a jí vágně definovaných cílů mezinárodního komunistického hnutí. Praha se stala personálně, informačně i materiálně závislou na Moskvě a pozbyla schopnost postupovat v zahraniční politice nezávisle nejen mimo sovětský blok, ale i uvnitř něj. Mezi své priority zařadila také úsilí o jednotu sovětského spojeneckého systému a nejpozději od roku 1956 pokládala vojenskou intervenci za přiměřený nástroj v případě jejího ohrožení. Srovnávací analýza dokumentů z Archivu Ministerstva zahraničních věcí ČR a materiálů vedení KSČ z Národního archivu pro desetiletí 1953 až 1962 ukazuje, že konkrétní zahraničněpolitický program přecházel do československé politiky cestou mezistranických kontaktů. Sovětští komunisté zaujímali v jejich hierarchii první místo a tato skutečnost nebyla v očích československých komunistů zpochybněna žádným z čínských pokusů alternovat na přelomu padesátých a šedesátých let sovětské metody a plány rozvoje mezinárodního komunistického hnutí., a2_Naopak, na multilaterální jednání desítek komunistických stran v Moskvě v listopadu 1957 a 1960, která čínské námitky diskutovala, přijížděli českoslovenští komunisté předem sovětskými kolegy instruováni a veškeré čínské aktivity z této pozice odmítali, navzdory svému úsilí navázat po roce 1948 s Pekingem přátelské a důvěrné vztahy. V důsledku úzkého propojení československých stranických a státních záležitostí došlo počátkem šedesátých let k rychlému zastavení československo-čínské spolupráce, přičemž Sovětský svaz přislíbil sanovat škody, které tak československému hospodářství vznikly., b1_In this article, the author traces the changes in the Czechoslovak position in the international Communist movement after the Communist Party took power in Czechoslovakia. She concentrates on the Party’s relations with the Soviet and the Chinese Communists, which from the 1950s onwards represented two competing centres of power in world Communism. She argues that in Czechoslovak foreign policy the Communists subordinated the defence of State interests to the international solidarity of the workers, and, in keeping with that ideological guideline, the tasks of Czechoslovak foreign policy were set mainly according to the Soviet agenda and its vaguely defined aims for the international Communist movement. Prague became dependent on Moscow for personnel, information, and material, and lost the ability to act independently in international politics both outside and inside the Soviet bloc. Amongst Prague’s priorities were efforts to achieve the unity of the Soviet system of alliances and, beginning at the latest in 1956, it considered military intervention a suitable instrument in the event of a threat to that system. A comparative analysis of records for the ten years from 1953 to 1962, from the Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic and from the Czechoslovak Communist Party leadership, which are deposited in the National Archive, Prague, demonstrate that Czechoslovak foreign policy was actually formed by way of inter-Party contacts. The Soviet Communists were paramount in the hierarchy; in the eyes of the Czechoslovak Communists, the Soviet position remained unchallenged by any Chinese attempts to provide an alternative to Soviet methods and plans to develop the international Communist movement in the late 1950s and early 1960s., b2_Indeed, at multilateral talks amongst dozens of Communist Parties in Moscow in November 1957 and in 1960, where Chinese objections were discussed, Czechoslovak Communists arrived after having been instructed by their Soviet comrades, and from this position they rejected all Chinese activities, despite Czechoslovak efforts to establish friendly and close ties with their Beijing comrades after 1948. As a result of this linking of Czechoslovak Party and State matters, Czechoslovak-Chinese collaboration ceased in the early 1960s, and the Soviet Union promised to compensate for any damages that thus accrued to the Czechoslovak economy., Daniela Kolenovská., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

9. Násilné vystěhování řeckokatolického duchovenstva do českých zemí a jeho návrat na Slovensko

Creator:
Marek, Pavel and Borza, Peter
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Greek Catholic Church, liquidation, clergy, Czechoslovakia, and communism
Language:
Czech
Description:
The study concentrates on the analysis of “Operation 100”, which was drafted by the Communist Czech and Slovak State and party authorities in 1951 in the connection to the attempts for consolidation of the situation in Eastern Slovakia after dissolution the Greek Catholic Church. It was believed by the organisers that after the liquidation of the Greek Catholic Church (1950), the fusion of two Churches would také place very quickly and the believers would be transferred to the successor Orthodox Church. The reality of the years 1950–1951 was, however, different and the organisers needed to prevent a scandal. One of the solutions was a forced resettlement of all the priests (without reference to their age, health condition, or civil profession), who rejected to convert to the Orthodox Church. The “State Church office” in Prague in cooperation with their colleagues in the Bratislava branch drafted in mid-1951 a plan called “Operation 100”, on the basis of which the priests were supposed to be moved to the Czech lands, especially the border areas, with their families (originally about 100 priests). The aim was to incorporate them into Czech society as workers. The plan was implemented in 1951–1952. The study analyses the conditions, course of events and the aftermath of the resettlement and hints at the circumstances of the 1956/1962 revision of the persecution.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

10. Obraz Sovětského svazu v českých cestopisech z let 1917–1968

Creator:
Davidová Glogarová, Jana
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Czech travelogues on the Soviet Union, travelogues, genre of ideological travel literature, Soviet Union, and communism
Language:
Czech
Description:
The study focuses on the image of Soviet Russia (and later the Soviet Union) in travelogues written by Czech authors between 1917 and 1968. The material, which consists of more than 70 published books, provides new perspectives on the perceptions of the Soviet Union during the period in question. The text presents the main tendencies of travel books on the Soviet Union, crucial issues, their development and changes over the time, strategies used in Soviet society and reality presentations. The study covers several topics, such as the Soviet Union as an utopian world, Soviet citizens and their presentation, personality cult and its criticism and characteristics of the genre of ideological travel literature.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public