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1. "Ipsum Est Omnia in Omnibus": Matěj of Janov and the redemption of corporeal man according to Regulae veteris et novi testamenti V:8

Creator:
Kullerud, Ole Fredrik
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Filozofie, Matěj z Janova, asi 1355-1393, teologové, filozofie, vykoupení, theologians, philosophy, redemption, 5, and 101
Language:
Czech
Description:
Ole Fredrik Kullerud. and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
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2. "Nicht ganz schlecht für einen Philosophen": Peter Sloterdijk als Leser der deutschsprachigen Literatur

Creator:
Urválek, Aleš
Format:
text/pdf
Type:
Article
Subject:
philosophy, literature, autobiography, anthropology, post-war time, misunderstanding, inspiration, and Philosophy
Language:
German
Description:
The essay attempts to point out the benefits of reading Peter Sloterdijk's works from the perspective of German studies. In the course of the paper, Sloterdijk is introduced in his various individual roles. First, his early steps in German studies are described, followed by an assessment of the influence of his German-studies works on the formulation of philosophical problems and stances. After that, Sloterdijk is presented as an exponent of certain typical development, as a diagnostician of problems that post-war Germany faced in its transformation into a civic society. The final part consists of reflections on his observational abilities in descriptions of interdisciplinary misunderstandings and in the creation of transdisciplinary analogies.
Rights:
unknown

3. (M)any Questions?: a comparison of the use of questions in Wittgenstein’s first 37 paragraphs of philosophical investigations with Austin’s essay ''The meaning of a word''

Creator:
Fajmon, Blahoslav
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
academic, Austin, pedagogical, philosophical investigations, philosophy, questions, response, stylistic, ''The meaning of a word'', typology, Wittgenstein, and writing style
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Wittgenstein’s approach to philosophy is closely related not only to the content but also to the form of his investigations. The following paper presents the uniqueness of Wittgenstein’s writing style, namely his use of questions, by comparing part of his work with Austin’s essay. For this purpose a typology of questions with regard to their function in the text is established and applied. The difference between Wittgenstein’s and Austin’s writing style is then documented by the frequency of certain types of questions, and omission of others, and related to some of Wittgenstein’s remarks about his approach to philosophical inquiry. The difference is then summarized tentatively as one between ''pedagogical'' and ''academic'' writing style, which poses questions concerning the translation of Wittgenstein’s investigations into academic prose., Wittgensteinův přístup k filozofii úzce souvisí nejen s obsahem, ale také s formou jeho vyšetřování. Následující článek prezentuje jedinečnost Wittgensteinova stylu psaní, konkrétně jeho použití otázek, porovnáním části jeho práce s Austinovým esejem. Pro tento účel je zavedena a aplikována typologie otázek s ohledem na jejich funkci v textu. Rozdíl mezi Wittgensteinovým a Austinovým stylem psaní je pak dokumentován četností určitých typů otázek a opomenutím druhých a je spojen s některými Wittgensteinovými poznámkami o jeho přístupu k filosofickému zkoumání. Rozdíl je pak předběžně shrnut jako ,,pedagogický'' a ,,akademický'' styl psaní, který představuje otázky týkající se překladu Wittgensteinových výzkumů do akademické prózy., and Blahoslav Fajmon
Rights:
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5. A priori a matematika u Berkeleyho

Creator:
Marek Tomeček
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Filozofie, Berkeley, George, 1685-1753, filozofie, matematika, empirismus, philosophy, mathematics, empiricism, a priori, 5, and 101
Language:
Czech
Description:
According to the Oxford English Dictonary George Berkeley introduced the term a priori into English. His inspiration for this was, it seems, to be found partly in the writings of his immediate predecessors, particularly Pierre Bayle, and partly in his pedagogical work where he adjudicated disputations between his pupils. Some of his arguments against the existence of matter Berkeley tells us are a priori, others a posteriori. Even the a priori arguments are underpinned by prior semantic principles of an anti-abstractionist character, which are shown to be important particularly in the immaterialist philosophy of mathematics. Berkeley's courageously unorthodox, and generally unpublished, thoughts about mathematics thus grow from the same soil as his celebrated denial of matter., Marek Tomeček., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
Rights:
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6. An analysis of the utilisation of audiovisual archives in higher humanities and arts education

Creator:
Michal Klodner and Lucia Udvardyová
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
filozofie, philosophy, audiovisual archives, online collaboration, social networks, new media education, research environments, 5, and 101
Language:
Czech
Description:
Audiovisual archives with an advanced communication infrastructure are a rapidly developing tool whose unique potential in the realm of education has not been sufficiently explored yet. Archive system technologies already incorporate numerous collaborative functions. This paper aims to present quantitative and qualitative results of a research project undertaken at the Film and TV School at the Academy of Performing Arts. Through several focus groups - users of new media-oriented web portal Konvergence.info, professionals working with audiovisual archives and students of FAMU, usage of audiovisual material in the particular groups was examined. The research was based on selecting the best tools for scientific collaboration in terms of audiovisual content and in researching the utilisation of their certain groups, such as functions for annotating audiovisual content and personal knowledge organisation. These days the cooperation between education and research does not rest in transfer of completed knowledge but in the capability of their sharing in the process of their formation which enables a dialogue and translation between the various specializations. This leads to new knowledge and a more effective solution of problems. The objective thus was to find such a combination of technologies and a working methodology that would facilitate unique talent and interests as well as strengthen the sense of cooperation and communication in a heterogeneous collective. and Michal Klodner, Lucia Udvardyová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

7. Analytická a konverzační filosofie

Creator:
Richard Rorty
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Filozofie, filozofie, philosophy, analytická filosofie, kontinentální filosofie, konverzační filosofie, metafilosofické otázky, věda, literatura, konverzace, jazykové zvyklosti, poznání, konsenzus, distinkce, 5, and 101
Language:
Czech
Description:
Cílem Rortyho článku „Analytická a konverzační filosofie“ je nahrazení distinkce mezi analytickou a kontinentální filosofií rozlišením mezi filosofií analytickou a filosofií konverzační. Tím dojde při nahlížení rozdílu mezi oběma typy filosofie k odstranění geografického hlediska, které, ač samo o sobě poskytuje určitou možnost rozlišit jednotlivé typy filosofů, není dle Rortyho ve skutečnosti určující. Tento rozdíl spočívá především v odlišném náhledu filosofie na sebe samotnou, na smysl a cíle své práce. Spočívá v odpovědi na otázku, zda filosofie může něco poznávat takové, jaké to doopravdy je, či nikoli a zda se může vydat po cestě vědy, či by měla naopak vnímat sebe sama spíše jako konverzaci a rozvíjení kulturního uvažování., The aim of Rorty’s article Analytic and conversational philosophy is to replace the distinction between analytic and continental philosophy with a distinction between analytic and conversational philosophy. This is achieved through a perception of the difference between the two types of philosophy that rejects the geographical viewpoint which, though it may provide a certain possibility of distinguishing the specific types of philosophy, is not in Rorty’s view really decisive. The difference consists above all in the distinctive view of philosophy of itself, and of the sense and aim of its endeavour. It consists in the response to the question of whether philosophy can or cannot know something as it really is; whether it can follow the path of science; or whether it should rather perceive itself as a conversation and an opening up of cultural reflection., and Richard Rorty.
Rights:
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8. Anaximandrova geometrie

Creator:
Radim Kočandrle
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Filozofie, filozofie, philosophy, Anaximandros, geometrie, kosmologie, nebeská tělesa, Thalés, Anaximander, geometry, cosmology, heavenly bodies, Thales, 5, and 101
Language:
Czech
Description:
Podle tradice přenesl geometrii do Řecka Thalés z Mílétu. Ačkoli v diskusích o povaze Thalétovy geometrie nepanuje konsensus, zdá se, že zformulované teorémy byly až dodatečně uplatněny na jeho konkrétní měření. Již o Thalétově „žákovi a nástupci“, Anaximandrovi z Mílétu, však nemáme žádné zprávy, které by se týkaly geometrie. Výjimku představuje lexikon Súda, který uvádí, že Anaximandros „vůbec ukázal základy geometrie“. Lexikon zároveň vyjmenovává momenty, v nichž může být užití geometrie spatřeno. V prvé řadě se jedná o gnómón, s jehož pomocí mohla být realizována řada měření. Zřejmé znaky uplatnění geometrie vykazuje též celá Anaximandrova koncepce kosmologie: tvar Země a její umístění ve středu univerza, i samotný popis nebeských těles. Podobně lze uplatnění geometrie spatřovat za mapou světa a sférou. Ačkoli tedy Anaximandros není explicitně s geometrií spojován, dochované texty ukazují, že její poznatky významně využil, když propojil konkrétní pozorování s geometrickým uspořádáním celého univerza., According to tradition Thales brought geometry to Greece from Miletus. Although discussion of the nature of Thales’ geometry has not arrived at a consensus, it seems that the theorems formulated were retrospectively applied in his concrete measurements. So far, however, we have no information about the geometry of Thales’ pupil and successor, Anaximander of Miletus. An exception is presented in the lexicon Suda which claims that Anaximander “in general showed the basics of geometry”. This lexicon at the same time states the points at which the employment of the geometry can be discerned. Most importantly, we have the question of the gnomon, with the help of which an order of measurement is realisable. Clear signs of the application of geometry are likewise shown by Anaximander’s whole conception of cosmology: the shape of the earth and its position at the centre of the universe, and the very description of the heavenly bodies. In addition one can discern geometry involved in the map of the world and the sphere. Thus, although Anaximander is not explicitly connected with geometry, extant texts demonstrate that he significantly exploited geometrical knowledge when he connected concrete observation with the geometrical organisation of the universe as a whole., and Radim Kočandrle.
Rights:
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9. Antická pozitivní versus moderní negativní? Komparace pojetí svobody Benjamina Constanta a Isaiaha Berlina

Creator:
Jan Květina
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Filozofie, filozofie, osvícenství, liberalismus, republikanismus, philosophy, enlightenment, liberalism, republicanism, negativní svoboda, pozitivní svoboda, Isaiah Berlin, Benjamin Constant, negative freedom, positive freedom, 5, and 101
Language:
Czech
Description:
Berlinova dichotomie pozitivní a negativní svobody je v akademickém prostředí natolik diskutovanou problematikou, že jakékoli pokusy o její novou interpretaci čelí notnému riziku rozvíjení již řečeného, a tím i možnosti ztráty argumentační síly. Cíl tohoto článku však nespočívá v přispění k debatě týkající se funkčnosti Berlinova rozdělení, ale ve zpochybnění stereotypně přijímaných ideových zdrojů, jimiž se Berlin údajně inspiroval. V rámci linie tradic liberálního myšlení, kterou identifikuje mimo jiné sám Berlin, je totiž jeho rozlišení dvou pojmů svobody běžně ztotožňováno s principy a ideovým poselstvím klasifikace francouzského osvícence Benjamina Constanta. Směšování Berlinovy polarity pozitivní – negativní s Constantovým schématem antická – moderní je pravděpodobně důsledkem četných styčných bodů obou koncepcí, jež však vedou k automatickému vnímání souladu i u těch principů, u nichž je míra koherence problematická. Za hlavní cíl této studie lze tudíž označit jednak prokázání skutečnosti, že pro důslednou komparaci Berlinovy a Constantovy dichotomie je kromě běžně analyzované příbuznosti negativní svobody se svobodou moderní nezbytné vzít v úvahu i provázanost opačných pólů spektra, a především pak obhajobu teze, že v podstatných momentech Constantovo myšlení opouští meze liberální tradice a konotuje Pettitovy republikánské principy svobody jako ne-dominance. Takový závěr vede v konečném důsledku k tomu, že Berlinovo a Constantovo dělení nelze vnímat jako homogenní., Berlin’s dichotomy of positive and negative freedom is, in academic quarters, such a well-discussed problem that any kind of attempt at a fresh interpretation confronts the real risk of developing what has already been said and, in that way, of losing argumentational strength. The aim of this article does not, however, consist in contributing to the debate about the viability of Berlin’s distinction, but in calling into question the stereotypical reception of the intellectual sources that Berlin was inspired by. In the framework of the line of traditions of liberal thinking, which, among others, Berlin himself identifies, is his distinction between two concepts of freedom, usually identified with the principles and intellectual meaning of the classification by the French enlightenment thinker Benjamin Constant. The mixing up of Berlin’s polarity positive–negative with Constant’s scheme of ancient–modern is probably a consequence of the numerous common points in the two conceptions. These, however, lead to the automatic perception of agreement even in those principles for which the level of coherence is questionable. The main aim of this study is, therefore, to indicate, firstly, the proven fact that for a consistent comparison of Berlin’s and Constant’s dichotomy one must examine, in addition to the commonly analysed relationship of negative freedom with modern freedom, the connectedness of the opposite poles in the two cases. Secondly, and more importantly, the thesis is advanced that, in its fundamental properties, Constant’s thinking goes beyond the liberal tradition and points towards Pettit’s republican principles of freedom as non-dominance. This conclusion ultimately leads to the recognition that Berlin’s and Constant’s division cannot be seen as homogenous., Jan Květina., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
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10. Approaching a Viable Comprehension of the Knowledge Society

Creator:
Hochgerner, Josef
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
filozofie, philosophy, knowledge society, socio-economic change, cultural change, knowledge paradox, 5, and 101
Language:
Czech
Description:
With different cultures and changing times, a meaning of the same phenomena may vary. This applies also to knowledge in knowledge society: a plurality of bodies of knowledge will be preserved depending on social context, cultural significance, values and interests of the concerned groups. However, addressing the topic of the emerging knowledge society, particularly the “knowledge cultures”, implies addressing the issue of “change”: social change, socio-economic change, cultural change, changes in technology, life styles, and “environmental baselines”. A new “knowledge paradox” may appear as the rising usage of scientific principles stimulates scrutiny of knowledge and breeds uncertainty in this way. and Josef Hochgerner.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public