Tento článek pojednává o volnosti poskytované vychovatelem jako o konkrétním výchovném prostředku, který ovlivňuje utváření psychické odolnosti u předškolních dětí. Teoretický rámec práce tvoří koncepce vlastní vnímané účinnosti (self-efficacy) A. Bandury. Empirická část se zaměřuje na instituci mateřské školy. Za pomoci kvantitativních i kvalitativních metod mapuje prostředí mateřské školy z hlediska rozvíjení psychické odolnosti. Cílem je zjistit, jaké možnosti zvyšování self-efficacy poskytuje mateřská škola oproti rodinnému prostředí. Zajímá nás míra volnosti, kterou dopřávají dětem na jedné straně učitelé v mateřské škole a na druhé straně rodiče. and The purpose of this article is to investigate the influence of liberty in upbringing on self-efficacy and resilience in preschool children. As a theoretical framework of this paper we chose the concept of selfefficacy created by A. Bandura. The empirical part is focused on the institution of kindergarten. It maps the background in kindergartens by means of both quantitative and qualitative research. The aim is to define which opportunities of increasing self-efficacy are provided in kindergartens, in comparison to the family milieu. We are interested in degree of liberty given in kindergartens and in families.
The aim of the study is to acquaint the reader with the importance of celebrations, holidays and anniversaries related to prominent figures of socialism in the school environment. On the one hand, it is possible to talk about official school parties, celebrations and events for parents and the general public. The second meaning was largely hidden and is described in the study as education by example, the aim of which was to educate students exactly according to the actions of selected personalities and their character traits. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin's personality was chosen for the case study.