Data on divorces are gathered by the Czech Statistical Office and thus widely accessible and well known, but much less information is available about the stability of unmarried cohabitations. This paper focuses on the differences between marriage and unmarried cohabitations in terms of their stability. The authors study the impact of various factors on the stability of marriages and unmarried cohabitations taking into account the different socio -demographic indicators. To explain this phenomenon they use various theoretical approaches emphasizing different factors of partnership instability (from socializing factors to premarital cohabitation, values, education and gender, to factors based on the theory of rational choice). The analysis identified factors that operate in the same manner within both marriages and unmarried cohabitations (e.g. children in the partnership, experience with the previous partnership break-ups) as well as factors that play a different role in the stability of marriages and unmarried cohabitations (e.g. education, duration of partnership, generation). The paper is based on quantitative data from the survey ‘Life-course 2010’, which included 4010 respondents. The authors used the event history approach in their analysis which enabled them to track the dependences of the variables in time., Marta Vohlídalová, Hana Maříková., 1 graf, 1 tabulka, Poznámky na str. 14-15 (14), Biografické poznámky o autorkách článku na str. 15, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Resumé o klíčová slova anglicky na str. 3
Předložený text popisuje výsledky kvalitativní výzkumné sondy, která se zaměřovala na jeden specifický obsah rodinné výchovy, konkrétně pak na to, jak žáci třetích a čtvrtých tříd základních škol popisují Štědrý večer ve své rodině a proces předávání dárků. Na základě našeho šetření, jehož se účastnilo 62 respondentů, prezentujeme, jakým z působem žáci vysvětlují objevení dárků pod stromkem, a zachycují následující procesy jejich předávání a rozbalování. V důsledku toho můžeme konstatovat, že Štědrý den je vystavěn na dvou typech rituálů, které děti již v tomto věku začínají samy reprodukovat. and This paper describes the results of a qualitative research study that examined how third and fourth grade pupils describe Christmas Eve in their families and its relation to the gift giving process. Relying on data gathered from 62 respondents, the paper presents how pupils explain the appearance of gifts under the Christmas tree and perceive the subsequent processes of gift exchange and unboxing. In consequence, we propose that Christmas Eve is based on two rituals which pupils start to reproduce even at this early age.
Tento článek předkládá přehled výzkumných studií o rodinných hodnotách vietnamských přistěhovalců v různých částech světa. Výsledky studií ukazují proces jejich adaptace a akulturace. Současně si studie všímají změn postojů Vietnamců v závislosti na kulturním prostředí hostitelské země včetně genderové rovnosti a uvolněnějších mezigeneračních vztahů. Přistěhovalci se snaží udržet si vietnamskou kulturu, která oceňuje úctu dětí k rodičům a k starším lidem, rovněž úspěchy ve vzdělání. Studie se zaobíraly přijatelnými způsoby, jak zkoumat a vysvětlovat život Vietnamců žijících v zámoří a jeho psychologické aspekty. Výzkumy se také zaměřovaly na porovnávání tradičních rodinných hodnot Vietnamců žijících ve Vietnamu a v zahraničí s ohledem na porozumění vietnamské kultuře do detailu a přistěhovalecké kultuře obecně., This article is based on a literature review of research studies on the family values of Vietnamese immigrants living in various parts of the world. Results support evidence for the process of adaptation and acculturation among Vietnamese immigrants. At the same time, studies also support the presence of attitude change in response to the culture present in the land of immigration, including greater gender equality and more freedom in generation relationships. Immigrants seek to retain Vietnamese culture valuing filial piety, respect for the elderly and high achievement in education in the host country. Studies reviewed employed acceptable ways to survey and explain the life and the psychological features of Vietnamese living overseas. The research reviewed different focuses on comparing traditional family values of Vietnamese living in Vietnam with those that live overseas, contributing to the understanding of Vietnamese culture in detail and immigrant’s culture in general., Mai Van Hai., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Komunikace v rodině je jedním z hlavních pilířů fungování rodiny. Narušení komunikace má zásadní vliv na funkčnost rodiny jako systému i na její členy. Mezi taková narušení patří tabu, která jsou přítomna v určité míře v každé rodině. Úroveň i povaha komunikace se v jednotlivých rodinách liší a také se mění uvnitř rodiny v průběhu vývojového cyklu. Jednou takovou vývojovou změnou je období adolescence jednoho z potomků. Adolescent se chce stát dospělým, rodič je nucen na to reagovat. Předmětem našeho výzkumu je rodinná komunikace právě z pohledu adolescenta. Využíváme námi sestavenou škálu rodinné komunikace a škálu FACES II. Účastníci výzkumu – respondenti – vnímají komunikaci v rodině jako vcelku dobrou. Největší výhrady mají v oblastech soukromí a respektu jejich osoby ze strany rodičů. Naopak u rodičů oceňují podporu a důvěřují jim. Největší tabu nacházíme v oblasti komunikace citů, a to jak slovní, tak dotekem. Komunikace s matkou je hodnocena lépe než komunikace s otcem, nejvíce se liší ve vyjadřování citů. Pro dívky je vyjadřování citů důležitější než pro chlapce. Dimenze nově vzniknuvší metody souvisejí s dimenzemi škály FACES II, a tak dobře obrážejí rodinnou komunikaci, potažmo fungování rodiny. and Family communication is an important supposal for the family functioning. One of its disturbing factors is taboo. It affects both, the family system and its members. The niveau of communication varies from family to family, and also according to the phase of the family life-span. One of the important phases is the time when a child is stepping into the adult-life, adolescence. Parents are due to react to the child’s new life position and preferences. In our research, we have answered the questions concerned with the family communication in the eyes of an adolescent. For that, we used FACES II and our own method – Scale of Family Communication. The families of our respondents have been assumed to be rather good-working (both methods have implied that). The adolescents were unsatisfied with their parents’ behaviour concerned with the adolescents’ privacy and respect. They appreciated parents being supportive, and they trusted them. The biggest taboo has emerged in the area of emotion communication. In this area, we also have found the main differences between mother and father when communicating with an adolescent, and between boys and girls. The latter rank the emotion communicating higher. The dimensions of our own method – Scale of Family Communication – correlates with the FACES-dimensions, and therefore, we assume the scale as wellreflecting the family communication, actually the family functioning in whole.
The importance of the institution of family in housing practices has deep historical roots in Greece, and families tend to follow certain housing strategies such as late emancipation from the parental home, intergenerational house transfers and financial support for housing. Providing and maintaining a housing solution for young members is one of the top worries in this geographical region, and it is relieved via intergenerational micro-solidarities. Moreover, today’s crisis and austerity are threatening, through indirect budgetary cuts and rising taxation, the housing well-being of the citizenry which is supported only by family welfare. Nonetheless, the family still constitutes the main shock absorber of social and economic turbulence, but at what price?
Tento text představuje empirickou studii, jež se na základě dat z kvalitativního výzkumného šetření mezi rodiči a učitelkami prvního stupně základní školy snaží popsat podoby interakce a komunikace mezi rodinou a školou. Specificky se přitom zaměřuje na skupinu rodičů se socioekonomickým statusem odpovídajícím střední třídě, kteří jsou učitelkami vnímáni jako dobří a spolupracující rodiče. Vykresluje strategii tichého partnerství, jež spočívá v podřízení se očekáváním učitelek za účelem dosažení vlastních cílů. and Based on a qualitative research with parents and primary school (6–10) female teachers, this text is an empirical study endeavouring to disclose the forms of interaction and communication between the family and the school. The group of parents representing the economic status of the middle-class, who are perceived by female teachers as good and cooperative parents, is specifically focused on. Described is their strategy of silent partnership which typically makes parents conform to teachers' expectations in order to achieve their own objectives.
The aim of the study is to provide basic summary of the factors that influence the involvement of grandparents in the care for young children in the Czech families and to introduce a typology of the patterns of grandparent role. The paper presents results of both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The first part of the paper uses the data from the second wave of SHARE 1) to outline the typology of grandparents’ involvement with respect to different forms and intensity of contacts with grandchildren and the geographical proximity of family members and 2) to map how the socio-demographic factors influence the forms and intensity of involvement in the care for grandchildren. The second part of the paper focuses on the subjective experience of Czech mothers and grandmothers. 18 mothers and 12 grandmothers of children younger than 10 years were interviewed. The paper points out the existence of various conceptions of grandmothers’ role in the Czech families., Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková, Martina Štípková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The degree of party polarization is a significant analytical measure contributing to our understanding of the party system development and it’s dynamic in time. It influences the government formation and indirectly also its stability. Moreover, the party polarization affects electoral choice and thus the voter decision-making process. Despite these it has been wrongfully neglected in the Czech political science literature so far. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap and present empirically backed data on the intensity and change of the party polarization in the Czech Republic. The analysis is based on the data sets of CVVM which monthly records the voter self-placement on the left-right scale in the long term. By analysing these data and using Dalton’s index of party system polarization it is proved that party polarization in the Czech Republic has generally increased since 1993 and that it was usually higher during General election campaign. Within the period under review (1993-2013) the polarization index reached its lowest value in 2001, while the highest value was found in June 2010., Eva Lebedová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Objectives. The main goal of the study was to analyse in detail specific family indicators and their relation to selected indicator of life satisfaction in a representative sample of Czech children. Sample and setting. A total number of 4 351 children aged 11, 13 and 15 years out of 88 randomly selected schools in Czech Republic formed the study population. The data was acquired in the framework of the WHO study “The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children: A WHO Cross National Study” (HBSC) in June 2010 by means of standardized questionnaires. Research questions. Is formal structure of family or the quality of communication more important for children's life satisfaction? Statistical analysis. Statistical analysis included descriptive analyses, the x2 test of independence in contingency tables, Fisher’s exact test, two samples T-test, one and two way analysis of variance using the NCSS 2007 program. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of family on life satisfaction of children and prevalence odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were calculated as measure of association. Results. Life satisfaction was high for majority of children, it reached two thirds of possible maximum at both of the followed scales (Cantril index, Huebner scale) for the whole sample. Life satisfaction was significantly associated (p<0,001) with age, gender, formal structure of family and quality of communication in family. Children from complete families with easy or very easy communication with both parents had the highest values at both of the followed life satisfaction scales. Study limitations. Limitations of the study result from the cross-sectional design and data based on self-reports. Both life satisfaction and family were analysed on the basis of selected question categories., L. Hodačová, E. Čermáková, J. Šmejkalová, E. Hlaváčková, M. Kalman., and Obsahuje seznam literatury