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Start Over Creator Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková

2. Fyzický vzhled jako mechanismus sociální stratifikace: Berry, B. The power of looks. Social stratification of physical appearance

Creator:
Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyzický vzhled člověka, sociální stratifikace, estetika, body image, social stratification, aesthetics, physical-appearance-based bias, 18, and 316.3
Language:
Czech
Description:
[autor recenze] Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3. Genderové nerovnosti ve stáří: marginalizace a znevýhodnění žen ve stáří

Creator:
Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
gender, stáří, senioři, ženy, sociální nerovnost, marginalizace, old age, older people, women, social inequality, marginalisation, 18, and 316.4/.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
Ageing is process that is always gendered. Gender shapes the life biography and the norms and expectations that are imposed on individuals as they age. On the other hand, the experience of ageing affects the mechanism of creating and negotiating gender identity. This article critically discusses debates surrounding gender inequalities in old age. These debates often focus on older women as a group that is highly disadvantaged owing to the combined effects of sexism and ageism. This article critically discusses this “problem of old women” and shows alternative views of women’s experiences of ageing. It highlights the necessity to understand age and gender as two intertwining systems. It points out that ageing can in many respects create room for a redefinition of gender roles and expectation. The intersection of age and gender cannot be seen as a simple combination of two categories and must instead be viewed as a process that creates a specific social location, which can generate new forms of inequalities., Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

4. Kritika povinného očkování v ČR: charakteristiky rodičů a diskurzivní rámce, které využívají

Creator:
Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková and Skálová, Jitka
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociologie, výzkum veřejného mínění, public opinion polls, očkování, biomedicína, vaccination, biomedicine, Česko, Czechia, odmítnutí očkování, anti-vaccination movement, discourse, vaccination refusal, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
Československo resp. Česká republika má dlouholetou tradici v oblastech očkování, přičemž míra proočkovanosti v současné době dosahuje 98-99 %. Zákon zároveň ukládá povinnost podrobení se očkování všem jedincům žijícím na území České republiky. Z hlediska zákona je člověk, který odmítá očkování svého dítěte, v pozici občana/ky dopouštějící/ho se přestupku a ohrožující/ho ochranu veřejného zdraví. Přestože je mnoha odborníky/cemi očkování považováno za jeden z největších úspěchů medicíny, ne všichni členové/ky české společnosti nahlížejí na povinné očkování jako na jednoznačné pozitivum. Tento text se zaměřuje na problematiku kritiky očkování v České republice perspektivou rodičů, kteří takovýto postoj zaujímají. Cílem tohoto textu je představit sociodemografické charakteristiky rodičů, kteří se kriticky staví k očkování, a zároveň diskurzy, které při své argumentaci mobilizují. Text vychází z dotazníkového šetření mezi rodiči, kteří kriticky vystupují vůči praxi očkování. Dotazník byl umístěn na webových stránkách občanského sdružení Rozalio, které představuje nejvýraznější a největší organizaci sdružující rodiče kritické k praxi povinného očkování v ČR. Šetření se zúčastnilo 372 respondentů/tek. Rodiče v dotazníku dostali rovněž prostor vlastními slovy vyjádřit své postoje k očkování a důvody, které je vedly k jeho odmítání či kritice., a1_The Czech Republic and its predecessor, Czechoslovakia, have a long-term tradition of immunization programmes, with a current coverage rate of 98-99%. Vaccination is mandated by law to all individuals living in the territory of the Czech Republic. In legal terms, a person who refuses to have their child vaccinated commits an administrative offence against public health. While many experts consider immunization as one of the greatest achievements of modern medicine, some members of Czech society do not regard compulsory vaccination as a clearly positive phenomenon. This paper focuses on parents’ critical perspectives on immunization in the Czech Republic. Its goal is to present the sociodemographic characteristics of parents with critical attitudes to immunization as well as the argumentative discourses they mobilize. The text is based on a questionnaire survey of parents who are active critics of immunization practice. The questionnaire was published at the website of Rozalio, a leading NGO that mobilizes parents against the practice of compulsory vaccination in the Czech Republic. 372 respondents participated in the survey. Open-ended questions were used to invite the parents to share their attitudes on vaccination and their motivations to refuse or critique the practice. The paper starts by presenting a sociodemographic profile of the parents who participated in the questionnaire survey. The quantitative data presented are not representative and rather provide us with general hints to better understand who the parents against vaccination are. The results indicate that critical debates on the practice of compulsory vaccination are primarily attended by better-educated women living in different parts of the Czech Republic. Subsequently, the central part of the analysis deals with the respondents´ answers to open-ended questions about their motivations to refuse/postpone vaccination. Three distinct ways the parents framed their critical attitudes to vaccination were identified in the analysis. The most salient frame, „biomedical discourse of risk“, exploited the concepts and principles of biomedicine but deviated from the dominant interpretation of immunization as public good, instead emphasizing related individual risks. As opposed to the concept of collective immunity as one of the pillars of general immunization policies and epidemiologic discourses, the parents emphasized the need to take an individual approach and personalize the risk. The second frame, „discourse of holistic health“, was much less salient. Referring to the principles of holistic medicine, it emphasized the role of lifestyle at the expense of medical control of the body. Finally, „activist discourse“ was another less frequently mentioned frame. It argued against vaccination as part of a more general critique of the ways the health care system operates and government interferes with individual freedoms., Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková, Jitka Skálová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

6. Typologie prarodičovství v české společnosti: faktory ovlivňující zapojení prarodičů do péče o vnoučata

Creator:
Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková and Štípková, Martina
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociologie, sociologie, care, family, grandparenting, intergenerational relations, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
The aim of the study is to provide basic summary of the factors that influence the involvement of grandparents in the care for young children in the Czech families and to introduce a typology of the patterns of grandparent role. The paper presents results of both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The first part of the paper uses the data from the second wave of SHARE 1) to outline the typology of grandparents’ involvement with respect to different forms and intensity of contacts with grandchildren and the geographical proximity of family members and 2) to map how the socio-demographic factors influence the forms and intensity of involvement in the care for grandchildren. The second part of the paper focuses on the subjective experience of Czech mothers and grandmothers. 18 mothers and 12 grandmothers of children younger than 10 years were interviewed. The paper points out the existence of various conceptions of grandmothers’ role in the Czech families., Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková, Martina Štípková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public