Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological diseases. This neurodegenerative autoimmune disease manifests as inflammatory and demyelinating impairment of the central nervous system (CNS). Although some studies demonstrated associations between altered steroidogenesis and pathophysiology of MS as well as the importance of steroids in the pathophysiology of MS, the knowledge concerning the steroid metabolome in female patients is limited. Hence, 51 steroids and steroid polar conjugates were measured in the serum of 12 women with MS, untreated with steroids and 6 agecorresponding female controls with the use of gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The data were processed using age adjusted ANCOVA, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis and orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS). Our data show higher levels of circulating C21 steroids including steroid modulators of ionotropic type A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA A) receptors and glutamate receptors. Furthermore, the levels of GABAergic androsterone and 5-androsten-3β,7α,17β-triol were also higher in the female MS patients. In conclusion, the data demonstrate higher levels of circulating C21 steroids and their polar conjugates and some bioactive C19 steroids in women with MS, which may influence neuronal activity and affect the balance between neuroprotection and excitotoxicity., R. Kanceva, L. Stárka, L. Kancheva, M. Hill, M. Veliková, E. Havrdová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The paper relects on the gender speciic nature of private and public spheres as discussed in feminist discourses in European and American contexts. Its aim is to explore the potential of the concepts of public and private in analysing the issue of reconciliation of work and family, connected with women’ presence in the public sphere, with the hierarchy between the public and private and with the gender power asymmetry. he public and private as analytical constructs are helpful in moving beyond the individual level and understanding the social-political structure and historical context. These categories characterize diferent value systems with a hierarchical relation connected with the construction of ‘two genders’ and gendered division of work. he paper also focuses on the concept of women’s emancipation, its justiication and understanding of equality, and concrete changes in women’s life. Women’s experience of their ‘double existence’ in the public and private life is thematized as a question of reconciliation of work and family with some period particularities. Diferences in forming men’s and women’s identiies during modernity depending on their experience in the two diferent worlds are shown as relevant., Zuzana Kiczková., Poznámky na s. 23, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Abstrakt anglicky
The congress,Women and Media Congress, brought 1,000 women (and some men) to Prague June 20. It was organized by the CAS Institute of Sociology. A diverse range of nationalities, professions, ages and political backgrounds was represented. Various debates and seminars included sexism in media, women and social media and women in decision making in media. Creative workshops focused on soft-skills development: coaching, mentoring, rhetoric, presentation skills in the media. The most important outcome of this Congress was resolutions. They were referred to the political groups in the Czech Republic. and Marcela Linková a Blanka Nyklová.
The article analyses election party propaganda in the Czech Social Democratic Women's Newspaper before the municipal elections in June 1919. It aims to describe the communication strategies employed to mobilize readers, the normative representations of women and womenVs political activity presented to the reader, as well as the negative images of class adversaries. It focuses mainly on specifically gendered ways of appealing to voters and strengthening their solidarity with the working class. The paper understands party propaganda as a means to gain insight into the discourxe on women and their political participation in the new Czechoslovak Republic. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
Článek přibližuje významnou osobnost světové vědy Marii Curie-Skłodowskou, dvojnásobnou nositelku Nobelovy ceny, objevitelku prvků polonium a radium, první ženu profesorku na pařížské Sorbonně a nepřehlédnutelnou postavu v historii vědy a techniky 20. století., The paper portrays famous physicist and chemist Maria Curie-Skłodowska - a distinguished personality of the world science, double Nobel Prize winner, discoverer of polonium and radium, the first female professor at the Sorbonne, personage who cannot be overlooked in the history of the science and technology in the 20th century., Ivana Lorencová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Představíme zde projekt Národní kontaktní centrum - ženy a věda Sociologického ústavu AV ČR, v. v. i. a popíšeme východiska, z nichž při realizaci svých aktivit jeho členky vycházejí. Cílem projektu je napomáhat proměně vědy v organizaci více otevřenou širšímu spektru hodnot, zájmů, aspirací a perspektiv, než je dosud., Hana Tenglerová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The perception of danger represents a crucial component of everyday life (not only) in the city. The recording of the development of perception of danger in diachronic perspective of the twentieth century, as it reflected in the memory of the female inhabitants of Pilsen, enables to ascertain some changes that reflect the historical development. In its concrete parts, the research focused on the modes of „making“ of the urban space through the perception of danger (mental topography of danger), the perception of danger in general, as wall as the impact of the danger on the everyday life of the inhabitants. The qualitative methodology of the research included the making of mental maps and the half-structured interviews. The informers were nine women of age 80–91 years. For the purpose of presentation of the results of the research that aimed at ascertaining the ways of perceiving danger by the oldest generation of female inhabitants of Pilsen, the twentieth century was divided into several periods that to great degree reflected the political-historical development: the period before the Second World War; the period of the war; after-war period (1945–1960), the 1960s to 1980s and finally the period after the year 1990 up to the present. In the memory of the informers, these periods were characterized partly by differing types of danger (if danger at all) and their varying intensity. The perception of danger (or the absence of danger) was also influenced by the different development of life cycles in cases of concrete women. Besides individual differences, there was crucial influence of the general social development, the development of the city and the technological development, especially the increase of automobile transport and the media of communication.
The paper addresses the problem of growing uncertainties in the Czech labour market over the past 20 years with regard to the specific conditions of unskilled women struggling to integrate their paid work and unpaid work. The economic uncertainties and growing levels of global competition in production increase pressure for a transformation and flexibilisation of workforce. Actors occupying marginalised positions in the labour market tend to have lower levels of social capital and lower levels of work experience and education. At the same time, these people, including mothers caring for young children, find it difficult to cope with the increasing pressure for productivity and flexibility. The socioeconomic marginalisation of unskilled mothers is further strengthened by measures of the state’s social policy. The analysis at hand is based on three biographic interviews on the work trajectories of women whose highest level of education is vocational or lower. A biographic approach makes it possible to analyse the impact of structural and institutional conditions and social and cultural processes on the work and life trajectories of respondents. Their testimonies reveal the mechanisms of gender discrimination, social exclusion and subordination that unskilled mothers have to face in their personal lives and careers, and the strategies and resources they employ in order to cope with their situation., Lenka Formánková, Alena Křížková., Obsahuje bibliografii, and Anglické resumé