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2. A family meal as fiction
- Creator:
- Corbí, Josep E.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fiction, genre, parenthetical, ritual, and theatricality
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Stacie Friend’s theory of fiction departs from those approaches that seek to identify the necessary and sufficient conditions for a work to count as fiction. She argues that this goal cannot really be achieved; instead, she appeals to the notion of genre to distinguish between fiction and nonfiction. This notion is significantly more flexible, since it invites us to identify standard—but not necessary—and counter-standard features of works of fiction in light of our classificatory practices. More specifically, Friend argues that the genre of fiction has the genre of nonfiction—and only that genre—as its contrast class. I will refer to the particular way in which Friend elaborates this claim as the contrast view. I have, nevertheless, the impression that this view unnecessarily narrows down the array of perspectives and attitudes from which we can approach works of fiction. I will thus develop a line of reasoning to the effect that the contrast view should rather be construed as picking out a particular way of relating to works of fiction that lies at the end of a continuum defined by different degrees of reflectivity and estrangement. This implies that the contrast view is false as a general claim about how we experience works of fiction, even though this view may appropriately depict a specific way of approaching such works.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3. Claude Lévi-Strauss a problém tzv. synchronického času
- Creator:
- Jiří Šubrt
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- filozofie, philosophy, structuralism, time, synchronicity/diachronicity, cold/hot societies, reversible/irreversible, ritual, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- In societies described as “cold” by Claude Lévi-Strauss, the historical dimension is coded into myths, traditions and rituals. Lévi-Strauss says that ritual is an “instrument for the destruction of time”. The key to the author’s idea of the opposition of synchronicity and diachronicity is found in his work The Savage Mind, in which he talks about a never-ending struggle between these two which initiates totemic thinking. In current sociology, Levi-Strauss’ concept of reversible time is utilised by Anthony Giddens, who adapts it in his structuration theory. However the concept of synchronous (structuralist) reversible time is simultaneously the subject of a critique from the perspectives of cultural anthropology (Alfred Gell) and sociology (Barbara Adam). At the article’s conclusion, the argument is made that when Lévi-Strauss talks about cold societies, which tend to banish history from the consciousness, it doesn’t mean that he is trying to over rule the laws of logic or physics (as he is accused by Gell) but at tempting to see the world through the eyes of a specific type of society and to understand time from the perspective of a “native”. and Jiří Šubrt.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4. Dhikr v pojetí naqšbandíje haqqáníje : kontext a struktura rituálu
- Creator:
- Křížek, Daniel
- Format:
- text/pdf
- Type:
- Article
- Subject:
- Islamic mysticism, Sufism, dhikr, Naqshbandiyya Haqqaniyya, ritual, and Study of Religions
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The Islamic mysticism or Sufism is a very diverse spiritual phenomenon. Dozens of orders (tariqas) and their branches exist in its not easily definable framework. In spite of certain common foundations and tendencies, tariqas often differ significantly in interpretations of theological, philosophical and other concepts, in approaches to institutional aspects, in religious practice, in theoretical and practical aspects of related rituals, and so on. Such diversity encourages one to try to describe and analyze various manifestations of Sufism in appropriate specific contexts. This article represents just such a contribution. It deals with dhikr, a kind of prayer or meditation, in the context of both theory and practice of the contemporary successful tariqa Naqshbandiyya Haqqaniyya. The article consists of three main parts. The first offers a brief introduction to dhikr as a traditional Sufi ritual; essential characteristics and some typologies are presented here. The second deals with dhikr in the general context of Naqshbandi tradition and in the particular context of one of the contemporary Naqshbandi branches, Haqqaniyya. Here the main features, principles and meanings of Haqqani individual and congregational dhikr are presented. Finally, the specific structure of Haqqani congregational dhikr is described in detail with various elements of its silent and vocal parts.
- Rights:
- unknown
5. Holubci, sarmi a šulky : balkánské závitky a jejich druhý život v českém pohraničí
- Creator:
- Fatková, Gabriela
- Format:
- text/pdf
- Type:
- Article
- Subject:
- food, Balkan, wrapped cabbage rolls, festive meal, ritual, acculturation, jídlo, Balkán, závitky, slavnostní pokrmy, rituál, akulturace, and Balkan Studies
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This study is based on a research in Czech-Bavarian border region Tachov and local foodscape which involves cuisine of Czech and German old settlers and re-settlers from Romania, Ukraine and other regions of Eastern Europe. Among those post-war re-settlers from we can find high importance of one specific meal - wrapped cabbage rolls. This meal is observed as a tool for inclusion and social cohesion on the regional level and its creative development in contact with other local dwellers is being a subject of our attention. This particular meal has been considered within the broad scope of examples from other countries showing the shared special cultural value of wrapped and stuffed meals, especially the ritual use of wrapping as a cultural elaboration of food. and Studie se zabývá významem závitků v prostředí česko-bavorského příhraničí (konkrétně regionu Tachov), které se stává specifickým kulinárním prostorem, v němž se prolýnají vlivy původních německých obyvatel a poválečných dosídlenců z různorodých regionů Evropy. Zejména mezi dosídlenci, kteří na Tachovsko přišli z východní Evropy (Rumunsko, Ukrajiny a jiné regiony), závitky nabývají podoby symbolu, spojujícího aktéry s regionem původu a utvářejících dnešní lokální identitu v etnicky heterogenním pohraničí. Je sledován tzv. "druhý život” závitků a jejich kulturní elaborace v kontaktu s ostatními obyvateli regionu. Tuto případovou studii pak zasazujeme do širokého kontextu odborného zájmu o závitky a kulinární technologie zavíjení a plnění, který se rozvíjí zejména v posledních 10 letech.
- Rights:
- unknown and embargoed access
6. Konflikt dvojí vojenské loajality ve zkušenosti základní vojenské služby a pozdějších militárních aktivit
- Creator:
- Wohlmuth, Petr
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- oral history, military re-enactment, ritual, and oath
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This treatise presents the interpretative research on newly created sources which emerged from oral-historical interviews with protagonists from an association of military re-enactment of diverse conflicts from the 18th through 20th centuries, which are active primarily in the Czech Republic, but also in Central Europe, and also with a relating group of narrators who serve in the Czech Army´s Active Reserve. The vast majority of research on military re-enactment focusses on the research into three interconnected problems of authenticity, historical authority, and reflexivity self-consciousness). However, this text focusses newly on the problem of loyalty. Interviews are aimed at the experience of this specific group of narrators with their military service, performed at the time of normalization and transformation after 1989, especially in relation to the issue of ambivalent loyalty to the political regime for which they took an oath during their military service. This experience is analysed in relation to non-contradictory and strong loyalty, felt to the experienced and performed values, which were perceived as being key values for historical military cultures of a specific re-enactment period or conflict, by which the participants express their loyalty through similar rituals of a military oath. The key research question is how this loyalty, experienced in relation to historical military culture (at one sub-group of narrators even interconnected with their membership in the Active Reserve), relates, in a conflicting way, to the loyalty which was required to the former Czechoslovak People´s Army, or to later forces of democratic Czechoslovakia and then of the Czech Republic, during compulsory military service performed by the narrators.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7. Lidská oběť z pozdní doby halštatské v jižních Čechách?: K interpretaci nálezů pod výšinnou lokalitou starší doby železné na Vraném vrchu u Spolí, okr. Český Krumlov
- Creator:
- Chytráček, Miloslav, Chvojka, Ondřej, John, Jan, Michálek, Jan, Stránská, Petra, and Šálková, Tereza
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- pozdní doba halštatská, depot, rituál, lidská oběť, situlové umění, šperk, antropologická analýza, makrozbytková analýza, dálkové komunikace, Final Hallstatt period, hoard, ritual, human sacrifice, situla art, jewel, anthropological analysis, plant macro-remains analysis, and long-distance routes
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Příspěvek se věnuje nálezům odkrytým na Vraném vrchu u Spolí, okr. Český Krumlov. V nadmořské výšce 635 m u paty skalního výběžku na svahu spadajícím příkře k Vltavě byla v hl. 20 cm nalezena skupina šesti bronzových náramků z pozdní doby halštatské. Při následném sondážním výzkumu ověřujícím místo nálezu se ve stejné hloubce našlo deset zlomků dislokovaných lidských kostí z dospělého jedince, v těsné blízkosti náramků ležel skleněný kroužek hnědožluté barvy o průměru 34 mm. Celková situace svědčí pravděpodobně o „obětním“ charakteru lokality. Určení rostlinných makrozbytků umožnilo částečně rekonstruovat přírodní prostředí zkoumaného místa. Analýza artefaktů i celé nálezové situace, evidence dalších nálezů v širším okolí depotu náramků, svědectví výjevů na soudobém situlovém umění i paralely z prostoru střední a jižní Evropy umožňují položit si řadu otázek o podobách různých náboženských rituálů starší doby železné. Výjimečný skleněný artefakt ze Spolí prozrazuje nadregionální kontakty, práce se v širších souvislostech zabývá též problematikou rekonstrukce dálkových koridorů. and The article addresses finds uncovered on the hill known as Vraný vrch near Spolí in the Český Krumlov district. A group of six bronze bracelets from the Final Hallstatt period were found at an elevation of 635 m a.s.l. and 20 cm below the ground at the base of a rocky promontory on a hillside dropping steeply to the Vltava River. During the subsequent trench excavation to verify the location of the find, ten fragments of dislocated human bones from an adult individual were found at the same depth, and a brown-yellow glass ring with a diameter of 34 mm was also lying nearby. The finds are probably evidence of the ‘sacrificial’character of the site. The identification of plant macro-remains allowed a partial reconstruction of the natural environment of the studied location. An analysis of the artefacts and the entire find situation, evidence of additional finds in the broader area of the bracelet hoard, the testimony of images on contemporary situla art and parallels from Central and Southern Europe raise numerous questions on the form of various religious rituals of the Early Iron Age. The remarkable glass artefact from Spolí indicates superregional contacts, and the paper in broader contexts also deals with the issue of reconstructing long-distance corridors.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8. Manipulace s těly jelenů v době římské a možnosti interpretace nálezu ze studny zkoumané při výzkumu v trati Mušov-Neurissen
- Creator:
- Knápek, Radka and Šedo, Ondrej
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Moravia, Roman Period, Mušov, well, and ritual
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Among facilities which were built by the Roman army in the wider space of the Burgstall hill in Mušov there is a well situated to the edge of the high terrace next to the former gravel pit on the Mušov-Neurissen site. The discovery of deer antler fragments near the bottom of the shaft was considered a random intrusion, it should have been an object accidentally dragged to the gravel. Discoveries of deer bones and antlers in other places of the barbarian territories and also in the Roman provinces allow us to change the primary conclusions. Some selected examples can be proof that parts of deer carcasses were often used in nonprophane manipulations within ritual acts in the Roman era. The Mušov example enables closer observation of the circumstances around antler handling. They took place after the Romans suddenly interrupted works on deepening the well and decided to leave the site.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
9. Ritual zoomorphism in medieval and modern European folklore: some sceptical remarks on a possible connection with a hypothetical Eurasian shamanism
- Creator:
- Testa, Alessandro
- Format:
- text/pdf
- Type:
- Article
- Subject:
- carnival, European folklore, Eurasian shamanism, masks and masquerades, popular religion, ritual, survivals, prehistoric religion, zoomorphism, and Study of Religions
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- An interesting ritual motif can be studied transversally in European areas in a period of time that goes roughly from antiquity to modern times. This ritual motif is the performances of men disguised as – and acting like – animals at certain times of the year. In the past, these performances did not usually occur during official celebrations, but rather during popular festivals like Carnivals, and were normally considered "pagan" or "vulgar" or, more recently, "folkloric". For centuries, these ritual or pseudo-ritual practices were harshly criticised – if not openly discouraged or even forbidden – by representatives of the different societal hierarchies, and especially by the clergy. In this article, I present a short overview of the rather diverse interpretations that have led to possible proposed connections between these performances and rituals and a hypothetical Eurasian "shamanic substratum" which would constitute their cultural matrix. In so doing, I also suggest that different conclusions can be drawn from these observations on this and other related topics.
- Rights:
- unknown
10. Rozpolcená mysl Maurice Blocha
- Creator:
- Kapusta, Jan
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Maurice Bloch, religion, ritual, cognition, violence, and dualism
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The study summarizes the work of Maurice Bloch, especially his theory of ritual and religion. Focusing on Bloch’s concepts of rebounding violence, ideology and knowledge, it is argued that the cognitive dualism does not correspond to the fact of the entirety of the human mind, a unique constellation of specific biological, natural environmental, historical, social and cultural circumstances as well as personal and experiential conditions. When dealing with some analogies of Bloch’s thought, the assumptions of Marx, Freud and Rousseau are recalled. The recognition of the eurocentric polarization also demands a mention of the Latin naturalis and supernaturalis dichotomy as well as the Greek sophistic duality of fysei and nomó. On the other hand, Bloch’s precise critique of functionalist and Marxist approaches allows moving towards deeper psychosocial processes within ritual.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public