The study summarizes the work of Maurice Bloch, especially his theory of ritual and religion. Focusing on Bloch’s concepts of rebounding violence, ideology and knowledge, it is argued that the cognitive dualism does not correspond to the fact of the entirety of the human mind, a unique constellation of specific biological, natural environmental, historical, social and cultural circumstances as well as personal and experiential conditions. When dealing with some analogies of Bloch’s thought, the assumptions of Marx, Freud and Rousseau are recalled. The recognition of the eurocentric polarization also demands a mention of the Latin naturalis and supernaturalis dichotomy as well as the Greek sophistic duality of fysei and nomó. On the other hand, Bloch’s precise critique of functionalist and Marxist approaches allows moving towards deeper psychosocial processes within ritual.
The Thomistic proof of the immateriality of human reason consists in the argument from the fact that intellection has as its object not empirical particulars but abstract universals. A standard objection against dualism plays up the problem with the causal influence of the soul on the body (psychophysical problem). The Thomistic solution depends on the hylemorphic conception of the soul as substantial form of body, i.e. on the view that the human soul is (also) that in virtue of which a human body has those essential properties which it has., Thomistický důkaz o nevýznamnosti lidského rozumu spočívá v argumentu ze skutečnosti, že inteligence nemá za cíl empirické údaje, ale abstraktní univerzály. Standardní námitka proti dualismu hraje problém s kauzálním vlivem duše na tělo (psychofyzický problém). Thomistické řešení závisí na hylemorfním pojetí duše jako podstatné formy těla, tj. Na názoru, že lidská duše je (také) to, na jejímž základě má lidské tělo ty základní vlastnosti, které má., and David Peroutka