Text sa sústredil na vybrané autorské zámery na priblíženie osobnosti Fiodora Michajloviča Dostojevského. Tri knižné práce sa odlišným žánrovým spôsobom venujú vybratým úsekom zo života Dostojevského. Jadro žánrovej odlišnosti spočíva v genologickej problematike pri troch textoch, ktoré pracujú s faktom a fikciou. O žánrovej forme rozhodli dostupný materiál a dokumenty, s ktorými sa pracuje, a tendencia poskytnúť historickú biografiu, autorskú rekonštrukciu ako zaujímavú, či výnimočnú konkrétnu sekvenciu zo života alebo literárny príbeh na sprostredkovanie ľudského portrétu známeho spisovateľa. and The text focused on selected authors' intentions to bring the personality of Fiodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky closer to him. Three books are devoted to selected sections of Dostoevsky's life in a different genre. The core of genre difference lies in the genological issue of three texts that work with fact and fiction. The genre form was decided by the available material and documents that are being worked on and the tendency to provide a historical biography, an authorial reconstruction as an interesting or exceptional specific sequence from life or a literary story to convey the human portrait of a famous writer.
This paper attempts to answer the question concerning the degree to which the position of serfs changed after the abolition of serfdom in Austria. Were the people in fact free as has been stated time and again in the history books and textbooks? Research into two Liechtenstein estates – the South Moravian domain of Břeclav/Lundenburg and the Lower Austrian estate of Wilfersdorf was used to analyse the factors behind personal freedom of movement after the abolition of serfdom. Could former serfs travel freely to other estates or abroad? This narrow study showed that this was not the case until the end of the pre-March period, i.e. after the end of patrimonial administration. These findings go against traditional interpretations. The abolition of serfdom was undoubtedly a step towards a modern society, but its implementation did not result in the end of control mechanisms, as they were replaced by others, and not only in the developing legal system. A lesser-known new factor from the period was the restriction of demesnial jurisdiction, which was placed under the control of the regional authorities. However, the period of reform did usher in a new phenomenon: the legal right of former serfs to protection against seignorial powers.
In the Middle Ages and early modern period, a specific accounting system was used in the Czech lands, known as so-called administrative accounting. The accounting categories and principles of this system were not the same as those used by single-entry and double-entry bookkeeping. The aim of the article is to show with selected accounting terms and categories their semantic variability and thereby start a discussion on accounting terminology that has been thus far absent in the Czech environment.
Práce je příspěvkem k dějinám české rusistiky. Připomíná existenci a hodnotí význam akademického časopisu Československá rusistika, jenž po dobu pětatřiceti let (1956−1990) vydávala Československá akademie věd. Autorka uvádí úplný výčet všech vydavatelů, vedoucích redaktorů a výkonných redaktorů, kteří se na vydávání časopisu podíleli. Připomíná měnící se strukturu a odborné zaměření časopisu i jména a odborné zájmy autorů, kteří do časopisu přispívali. Ukazuje, že s časopisem spolupracovali nejvýznamnější filologové a literární vědci, v počátcích i historikové, své doby a publikovali zde materiály, které mohou mít nadčasovou odbornou hodnotu. Proto není objektivní a věcně přesné časopis přehlížet s poukazem na jeho "normalizační charakter" a hodnotit jeho význam bez důkladného seznámení se s jeho obsahem. and The work is a contribution to the history of Czech Russian Studies. It recalls the existence and the importance of the academic journal Československá rusistika [Czechoslovak Russian Studies] published for thirty-five years (1956−1990) by the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. The author presents a complete list of all publishers, senior editors and executive editors who participated in editting and publishing the journal. The changing structure and professional interests of the journal, as well as the names of the authors who published their papers in the journal, are shown. At the conclusion it is empasized that papers and reviews of the most significant philologists, historians, and literary scholars of those times were published in the journal, and the materials published herein may be of timeless professional value. It is strongly recommended to study the contents of the journal to gain an objective overview of Czech Russian Studies and their representatives.
Přemysl Otakar II was the first of the Czech Přemyslid kings to turn his attention to Lithuania. Incidentally, Heidenreich Bishop of Chelmno from the Order of the Teutonic Knights stayed at his court; in 1253 he crowned the Lithuanian duke Mindaugas. The king came to the aid of the Teutonic Knights against the Prussians at the turn of 1254/1255 and for the second time in 1267/1268, when the eventual Christianisation of Lithuania also played an important role in his ultimately unsuccessful plans to establish a capital in Olomouc. The knightly King John of Luxembourg marched three times (1329, 1336/1337, 1344/1345) against the Lithuanians together with the Order of the Teutonic Knights and forces from western Europe. Undoubtedly of interest is the letter of Charles IV to Grand Duke Algirdas dated 21 April 1358, when he addressed him as monarcha mundi with an offer of baptism.
The contribution deals with such artistic texts in Slovak literature which trough their themes are cinfronting experience of a literary character with a difficult verifiable social situation and his/her intimate memory. The author of the contribution has chosen artistic texts of the authors representing different generations; it means that the theme and the problem differ on the background of political, historical and social changes and experience. Thus, literature in the kaleidoscope records and interprets a dramatic relationship of man to politics and historical changes.
Cieľom príspevku je analýza románu Lajosa Grendela Ostrá streľba. Grendelov román spočíva v pútavej intelektuálnej analýze, v opise, kde časové roviny stavia proti sebe na spôsob grotesky. V neposlednom rade aj nečakaným zvratom, miešaním reality, rozprávky a mýtu, ktoré vytvárajú autentickú atmosféru. Lajos Grendel je vynikajúci majster skupinovej psychológie – on totiž v skutočnosti nevytvára jednotlivé charaktery, jeho charaktery sú v podstate len zrkadlá, v ktorých sa odráža celá spoločnosť. A v tom spočíva jeho nepochybný prínos. Vytvára panoramatické zrkadlo, ktoré zachytáva spoločnosť v konkrétnej situácii. Prínosom práce je vystihnutie ľudského konania v ponímaní Lajosa Grendela. and Aim of this contribution is to analyze the novel Lajos Grendel Ostrá streľba. Grendel's novel lies in the intellectual analysis, the description of which time levels against each the grotesque way. Last but not least, unexpected twists, mixing reality, fairy tale and myth to create an authentic atmosphere. Lajos Grendel is an excellent master of group psychology − because he does not actually create different characters, the characters are basically just mirrors, which reflect the whole of society. And this is his undoubted benefits. Creates a panoramic mirror that captures society in a particular situation. The benefit of this work is the depiction of human action in the perception of Lajos Grendel.
This study focuses on the impact of the war conditions on the attitudes and standing of lawyers, in particular on the Czech lawyers in Moravia. The freedom of advocacy achieved in 1868 was limited by the war conditions and a significant part of the lawyers who were actively working before 1914, were put under surveillance. Some of them were persecuted, some conscripted and they were forced to fight on the side of the monarchy or they fought in the czechoslovakian legions. Part of the lawyers partake in the defense of the people accused of the offense against the state at the end of the war and also in the smooth assumption of power by the new authorities of the Czechoslovakian state.
Naše práce zkoumá a analyzuje (v textu románu jeden z nejčastěji zastoupených) umělecký motiv, a tím jsou tzv. "kočičí hlavy", lidový název pro kamennou dlažbu. J. Tužinský (současný slovenský prozaik, výjimečný esejista, romanopisec i žurnalista, narozený ve Zlatých Moravcích) ve svém románu pracuje s jakýmisi hrozny motivů a jejich variací, konkretizací a návratů, jeho umělecká práce s nimi je precizní, filigránská, generuje specifické "významové dění" textu. Zkoumaný motiv je umělecky rafinovaně využit v kontextu popisně realistickém, historickém, existenciálně psychologickém, filozoficko-etickém, ale i symbolickém, mytologickém a duchovním. and The autor of this study considers interesting to analyse the motif of "heads of cat" which means a folk tropology for a stone pavement. This motif is one of the most frequent. Ján Tužinský (contemporary Slovak prose writer, outstanding essayist, novelist and journalist, born in Zlaté Moravce) creates some clusters of motifs and their variations, concretizations, entries and re-entries. His work of art, a precise filagree, generates unique "content events" of imagination. The researched motif is connected with realistic, historical, existential, psychological, philosophical and ethical, as well as symbolical, mythological and spiritual contexts.
Příspěvěk se zabývá možností porovnání poetiky dvou spisovatelek – Daniely Hodrové a Svetlany Velmarové-Jankovićové. Literární dílo české i srbské spisovatelky je založeno převážně na zobrazování prostoru rodného města, přičemž jejich výrazové prostředky nesou jistou podobnost – prolínání subjektivních vzpomínek s kolektivní historií. Styčné plochy mezi oběma spisovatelkami můžeme vidět v jejich zájmu o budovy, památníky či různé kulturní památky určitého města. Obě literátky reflektují své rodné město, což lze vyčíst z jejich prózy. Komparaci literárních témat a poetiky obou autorek lze demonstrovat na trilogii Hodrové, symbolicky nazvané Trýznivé město (jež obsahuje romány Podobojí, Kukly, Théta), doplněné esejistickou prózou Město vidím, u Svetlany Velmarové-Jankovićové se jedná o díla Dorćol, Vračar a román Lagum (Žalář). and The study analyzes the possibility of comparing the poetics of two writers – Daniela Hodrová and Svetlana VelmarJanković. The literary work of Czech and Serbian writer is mainly based on presenting the space of their hometown which they both do in a similar manner – by interweaving their personal memories with collective history. Contact points between the two authors are to be seen in their interest in buildings, monuments and other cultural city sights. Both writers reflect their hometown in themselves which could be read in their prose. The comparison of their interests and poetics could be conducted on Hodrová's trilogy symbolically named as The Tormented city (which contains the novels The Kingdom of Souls, Cocoons and Theta), supplemented with the book of essays I see the city, and Velmar-Janković's documentary prose Dorćol, Vračar and novel The Dungeon.