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72. new species of Rubus from Bavaria, Bohemia and Austria
- Creator:
- Žíla, Vojtěch and Weber, Heinrich E.
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Austria, batology, Czech Republic, Germany, new species, Rubus, and taxonomy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Rubus perpedatus Žíla et H. E. Weber (sect. Rubus ser. Radula Focke) is described as a new species. It differs from R. radula Weihe in having distinctly pedate leaves, terminal leaflets with an emarginate base, longer pedicels with longer stalked glands and with many more prickles. It is distributed in the Bavarian Forest, the Bohemian Forest and in Upper Austria. An illustration, a list of herbarium specimens and a map showing the distribution of this new species are provided.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
73. Nonprofit leaders and for-profit entrepreneurs: Similar people with different motivation
- Creator:
- Martin Lukeš and Stephan, Ute
- Format:
- Type:
- article, předběžná sdělení, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Psychologie, psychologie, psychology, Česko, osobnost, motivace, vedoucí pracovníci neziskových organizací, podnikatelé, Česká republika, personality, motivation, nonprofit leaders, entrepreneurs, Czech Republic, 17, and 159.9
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Dnešní podmínky na trhu vyžadují, aby vedoucí pracovníci neziskových organizací jednali stále více obchodním způsobem. Studie zjišťuje, zda vedoucí pracovníci neziskových organizací mají podobné dispozice k podnikatelskému jednání jako podnikatelé, ale jsou jinak motivováni. Při výzkumu byly pomocí standardních osobnostních testů a rozhovorů porovnány osobnostní rysy a vyjádřené motivy 72 vedoucích pracovníků neziskových organizací s 117 podnikateli. Obě skupiny vykazují podobné obecné a specificky podnikatelské osobnostní rysy, ale významně se liší, pokud jde o jejich motivaci. Zatímco motivace vedoucích pracovníků neziskových organizací pramení především ze smyslu jejich práce, podnikatelé jsou motivováni především nezávislostí a příjmem, které jim jejich práce poskytuje. Článek umožňuje lépe pochopit, kdo jsou vedoucí pracovníci neziskových organizací., Today's market conditions require nonprofit leaders to act in an increasingly business-like fashion. This study asks whether NPO leaders have a similar disposition to act entrepreneurially as for-profit entrepreneurs, but hold different underlying motives. For this purpose, the study contrasts a sample of 72 leaders of nonprofit organizations with 117 entrepreneurs on their personality traits and explicit motives using standard personality tests and interviews. Both groups exhibit similar general and entrepreneurship-specific personality traits but differ significantly regarding their motivation. While nonprofit leaders motivation stems primarily from the meaningfulness of their work; entrepreneurs are mainly motivated by the independence as well as by the income and profit provided by their work. This paper helps us understand who leaders of nonprofit organizations are., Martin Lukeš, Ute Stephan., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
74. Nová fáze regionálního rozvoje v ČR?
- Creator:
- Blažek, Jiří and Csank, Pavel
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- regional disparities, regional and district level, regional GDP, regional economic activity, and Czech Republic
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The article aims to identify the development phases in the process of the regional differentiation in the Czech Republic after 1989, and examines whether this differentiation trend is currently changing. The assumption the article's hypothesis is based on is that during recent development the basic 'parameters' of the principal features of the country's regional structure have been stabilized amidst the conditions of parliamentary democracy and a market economy. Unlike the first phases of socio-economic transition, when differentiating trends prevailed, a certain degree of stabilisation can now be assumed, alongside the emergence of new trends. The development of regional differences was analysed using indicators of GDP, the unemployment rate, entrepreneurial activity, and tax revenue from self-employed physical persons. The findings show that over the course of the 1990s regional differences intensified at both the mezo-regional (regional) level and the micro-regional level. It was also confirmed that at the turn of the millennium the phase of divergent regional development ended, and since that time regional differences have hovered around the same level.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
75. Obavy a těžkosti rané fáze rodičovství: zjištění longitudinálního výzkumu prvorodičů
- Creator:
- Nešporová, Olga
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parenthood, fatherhood, motherhood, fears, difficulties, and Czech Republic
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The article focuses on the concerns of Czech expectant parents and their subsequent life difficulties. A qualitative longitudinal methodology was used to study parental experiences for a period of around four years. Three waves of semi-structured interviews were conducted with sixteen dual-earner parental couples who had their first child in 2011 or 2012. An analysis of 93 interviews revealed that the fears of the parents-to-be principally concerned childcare, paid work, free time, the relationships, and health. Actual experience of difficulties in these areas was often mentioned by different respondents from those who had expected to have them. The theory of intensive motherhood was employed to underscore the heavy demands and responsibilities placed on contemporary parents and the difficulties that accompany the use of a child-centred approach. The heavy demands on childcare felt by mothers who adhered to the intensive mothering model were cited as causing difficulties in the everyday lives of parental couples; the fathers mainly complained of a lack of rest and quality time with their partners.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:private
76. Občanská kultura v ČR z pohledu výzkumu veřejného mínění
- Creator:
- Jan Červenka
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Společenské vědy, výzkum veřejného mínění, public opinion polls, Czech Republic, civic culture, democracy, perception, attitudes, 18, and 3
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Následující text prezentuje některé poznatky o občanské kultuře v České republice učiněné na základě speciálního šetření uskutečněného v srpnu 2009 jako součást mezinárodního komparativního výzkumu u příležitosti 50. výročí realizace původního výzkumu G. A. Almonda a S. Verby a následného vydání jejich známé knihy The Civic Culture: Attitudes and Perception of Democracy in Five Nations. Kromě toho se s využitím dat z předchozích dlouhodobých kontinuálních výzkumů veřejného mínění pokouší o stručný nástin vývoje občanské kultury v českých zemích v průběhu uplynulých dvaceti let po pádu komunistického režimu v roce 1989., Following text presents some findings concerning the civic culture in the Czech Republic based on results of a special survey conducted in August of 2009 as a part of international comparative research project commemorating the 50th anniversary of realization of G. A. Almond’s and S. Verba’s original survey and their classic study The Civic Culture: Attitudes and Perception of Democracy in Five Nations. Using data from continuous public opinion surveys the text also tries briefly to outline the development of civic culture in Czech countries during last two decades after fall of communist regime in 1989., and Jan Červenka.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
77. Occurrence and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild foxes, wolves, jackals, and bears in central Europe
- Creator:
- Kváč, Martin, Myšková, Eva, Holubová, Nikola, Kellnerová, Klára, Kicia, Marta, Rajský, Dušan, McEvoy, John, Feng, Yaoyu, Hanzal, Vladimír, and Sak, Bohumil
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- PCR, carnivores, genotyping, SSU, gp60, microscopy, Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium Tyzzer, 1910 are one of the most common protistan parasites of vertebrates. Faecal samples from 179 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes [Linnaeus]), 100 grey wolves (Canis lupus Linnaeus), 11 golden jackals (Canis aureus Linnaeus), and 63 brown bears (Ursus arctos Linnaeus) were collected in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. Samples were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. using microscopy and PCR/sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU), actin and 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) genes using the maximum likelihood method revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium tyzzeri Ren, Zhao, Zhang, Ning, Jian et al., 2012 (n = 1) and C. andersoni Lindsay, Upton, Owens, Morgan, Mead et Blackburn, 2000 (n = 2) in red foxes, C. canis Fayer, Trout, Xiao, Morgan, Lai et Dubey, 2001 (n = 2) and C. ubiquitum Fayer, Santín et Macarisin, 2010 (n = 2) in grey wolves, and C. galli Pavlásek, 1999 in brown bears (n = 1) and red foxes (n = 1). Subtyping of isolates of C. ubiquitum and C. tyzzeri based on sequence analysis of gp60 showed that they belong to the XIId and IXa families, respectively. The presence of specific DNA of C. tyzzeri, C. andersoni and C. galli, which primarily infect the prey of carnivores, is probably the result of their passage through the gastrointestinal tract of the carnivores. Finding C. ubiquitum XIId in wolves may mean broadening the host spectrum of this subtype, but it remains possible this is the result of infected prey passing through the wolf - in this case deer, which is a common host of this parasite. The dog genotype of C. canis was reported for the first time in wolves.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
78. Occurrence of heliophilous species on isolated rocky outcrops in a forested landscape
- Creator:
- Vondrák, Jan and Prach, Karel
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Czech Republic, ordination, relicts, species number, and vascular plants
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Nineteen isolated rocky outcrops of different sizes, tops of which were covered with natural grassland vegetation, were studied in the forested submontane belt (630–1020 m a.s.l.) of the Šumava Mts in the southern part of the Czech Republic, Central Europe. The species of vascular plants present in the treeless sites at each locality were identified. Those species with an Ellenberg indicator value for light equal 6 or higher were considered to be heliophilous. The distance to the nearest secondary treeless area was measured. There were 43 heliophilous species (23%) recorded among the 184 species identified. The number of species and the number of heliophilous species varied independently of the altitude and extent of the treeless area on the rocky outcrops, but were significantly correlated only with the distance to man-made treeless areas. The highest number of heliophilous species was recorded within approximately 400 m from the nearest man-made treeless area. Although the relict occurrence of some of the heliophilous species on the rocky outcrops cannot be completely excluded, obviously most of the species colonized these localities from nearby secondary treeless areas since their creation in the Middle Ages.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
79. Odpovědnost veřejné moci za porušení mezinárodních závazků v českém právu aneb mezi tím, co je, a tím, co není
- Creator:
- Malíř, Jan
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- State liability in tort, breach of international undertakings, Czech Republic, France, Poland, odpovědnost veřejné moci za škodu, porušení mezinárodních závazků, Česká republika, Francie, and Polsko
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- V posledních letech byl podstatně redefinován vztah mezi českým a mezinárodním právem. Nyní je ČR povinna dodržovat závazky, které pro ni vyplývají z mezinárodního práva (čl. 1 odst. 2 Ústavy), vyhlášené mezinárodní smlouvy ratifikované se souhlasem Parlamentu jsou součástí právního řádu s předností před rozpornými ustanoveními zákonů (čl. 10 Ústavy) a na základě judikatury Ústavního soudu ČR mají mezinárodní smlouvy o lidských právech stejnou právní sílu jako ustanovení vnitrostátního ústavního pořádku.Právní důsledky těchto proměn jsou však stále předmětem debaty. To platí i o odpovědnosti české veřejné moci za škodu způsobenou porušením mezinárodních závazků. Tento článek se přiklání k tomu, že taková odpovědnost by měla být uznávána přinejmenším ve vztahu k mezinárodním smlouvám v působnosti čl. 10 Ústavy.Ve prospěch takového názoru svědčí srovnání s Francií a Polskem, tedy státy, které při obdobném ústavním uspořádání takovou odpovědnost uznaly, a rovněž odkaz na zásady právního státu, na které Ústavní soud ČR nahlíží jako na klíčový základ pro existenci odpovědnosti veřejné moci za škodu. and In the last years, the relationship between Czech and international law has been substantially redefined. By now, The Czech Republic shall be obliged to respect its undertakings under international law (Art 1-2 Constitution), published treaties ratified upon the consent of the Parliament shall be “the part of the legal order”with precedence over any conflicting provision of the Acts of the Czech Parliament (Art 10 Constitution), and, under the case-law of the Czech Constitutional Court, treaties on human rights shall have the same rank as the provisions of domestic constitutional law. However, legal consequences of these transformations are still subject to debate. This is also true of the liability of the Czech State in tort for breaches of its international undertakings. The present article argues such liability shall be recognized at least with regard to treaties coming in the ambit of Art 10 Constitution. This view is supported by comparison with France and Poland, or States, which, under comparable constitutional setting, have come to recognize such liability in tort, an, also by reference to the rule of law principles which the Czech Constitutional Court views as the key legal ground for the existence of the State liability in tort.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
80. Oenothera coronifera, a new alien species for the Czech flora, and Oenothera stricta, recorded again after nearly two centuries
- Creator:
- Mihulka, Stanislav, Pyšek, Petr, and Pyšek, Antonín
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Alien plants, casual occurrence, Oenothera, Onagraceae, new record, and Czech Republic
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Two species of the North American genus Oenothera are reported as aliens in the Czech Republic. A population of O. coronifera consisting of ca. 30 plants at various phenological stages, from rosettes to flowering plants, was found in 2001 at the railway station in the town of Zliv, district of České Budějovice, S Bohemia. The species was probably introduced via the railway and is the first record of this species for the Czech Republic. A single plant of O. stricta, previously reported from the bank of the Vltava river in Prague, in 1825, was found as a weed in a private garden in the village of Vroutek, district of Louny, N Bohemia, in 2000. This is the second record of this species from the Czech Republic in 175 years. The seed of O. stricta was probably introduced to the site from abroad and the record suggests that the occurrence of casual alien plants is highly unpredictable. It is argued that botanists studying alien plants, given their special interest in sites where these plants occur, may directly contribute to the enrichment of checklists of national alien floras.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/