A combined study of morphology, stem anatomy and isozyme patterns was used to reveal the identity of sterile plants from two rivers on the Germany/France border. A detailed morphological examination proved that the putative hybrid is clearly intermediate between Potamogeton natans and P. nodosus. The stem anatomy had characteristics of both species. The most compelling evidence came from the isozyme analysis. The additive “hybrid” banding patterns of the six enzyme systems studied indicate inheritance from P. natans and P. nodosus. In contrast, other morphologically similar hybrids were excluded: P. ×gessnacensis (= P. natans × P. polygonifolius) by all the enzyme systems, P. ×fluitans (= P. lucens × P. natans) by AAT, EST and 6PGDH, and P. ×sparganiifolius (= P. gramineus × P. natans) by AAT and EST. All samples of P. ×schreberi are of a single multi-enzyme phenotype, suggesting that they resulted from a single hybridization event and that the present-day distribution of P. ×schreberi along the Saarland/Moselle border was achieved by means of vegetative propagation and long-distance dispersal. Neither of its parental species occur with P. ×schreberi or are present upstream, which suggests that this hybrid has persisted vegetatively for a long time in the absence of its parents. The total distribution of this hybrid is reviewed and a detailed account of the records from Germany is given. P. ×schreberi appears to be a rare hybrid. The risk of incorrect determination resulting from the identification of insufficiently developed or inadequately preserved plant material is discussed.
The highest altitude recorded for an amphibian in Europe (west of the Caucasus) is 2965 m. It refers to the "lacs de Cambalès" according to an old reference. However, these lakes are all situated below 2600 m, while the altitude corresponds exactly to that of the summit of the Pic de Cambalès. We undertook an almost complete survey of ponds in a 2.5 km radius from the Cambalès peak, and complemented these data by fieldwork in a larger portion of the Central Pyrenees. Based on our observations in a total of 325 lakes and ponds we conclude that no water bodies above 2800 m exist in the Cambalès area, and that no water bodies above 2600 m are populated by Rana temporaria. The highest amphibian record was that of a single R. temporaria specimen at 2569 m, while the highest reproducing population was found at 2516 m. Highest records of other amphibians were 2516 m (Alytes obstetricans), 2160 m (Bufo bufo), 2259 m (Euproctus asper), and 2142 m (Salamandra salamandra). The presence of ice-free water bodies during a sufficient amount of time for larval development is probably the limiting factor for elevational distribution of Pyrenean amphibians, and the adequate conditions are usually not met above 2500 m in this massif. In contrast, in the Alps, ponds at higher altitudes are often protected by much higher surrounding peaks, which leads to higher elevational occurrence of amphibians. The Italian Laghi di Tre Becchi (up to 2742 m) are therefore the highest locality of a reproducing anuran population in Europe west of the Caucasus.
The aim of this text is a summary of the conceptual work of Czechoslovak institutions in the field of cultural relations with France in the years 1960–1968. Based on the analysis of the most basic conceptual materials from those years, the author tries to evaluate the development and changes of the official concept of cultural policy of Czechoslovakia to France in the Novotny regime and during the Prague Spring and its ideological and other background as well as the real impact on the actual conduct of cultural relations.
Chromosome numbers (ploidy levels) were recorded in the following 25 taxa of Hieracium subgen. Pilosella: H. arvicola Nägeli et Peter (2n = 45), H. aurantiacum L. (2n = 36, 45), H. bauhini Besser (2n = 36, 45), H. bifurcum M. Bieb. (2n = 45), H. brachiatum Bertol. ex DC. (2n = 36, 45), H. caespitosum Dumort. (2n = 36), H. cymosum L. (2n ~ 4x), H. densiflorum Tausch (2n = 36, ~ 4x), H. echioides Lumn. (2n = 18, 45), H. fallacinum F. W. Schultz (2n = 36, 45), H. floribundum Wimm. et Grab. (2n = 36, ~ 4x, 45,), H. glomeratum Froel. in DC. (2n = 45), H. iseranum Uechtr. (2n = 36), H. kalksburgense Wiesb. (2n ~ 5x), H. lactucella Wallr. (2n = 18), H. macranthum (Ten.) Ten. (2n = 18), H. onegense (Norrl.) Norrl. (2n = 18), H. pilosella L. (2n = 36, 45, 54), H. piloselliflorum Nägeli et Peter (2n = 45), H. pilosellinum F. W. Schultz (2n = 36, 45), H. piloselloides Vill. (2n = 27, 36, ~ 4x, 45, ~ 5x), H. pistoriense Nägeli et Peter (2n = 27), H. rothianum Wallr. (2n ~ 3x), H. schultesii F. W. Schultz (2n = 36, 45, ~ 5x), H. zizianum Tausch (2n = 27, 36, 54), and one hybrid, H. onegense × H. pilosella (2n = 36). Besides chromosome counts in root-tip meristems, flow cytometry was used to determine the DNA ploidy level in 83 samples of 9 species. The presence of a long marker chromosome was confirmed in tetraploid H. caespitosum and H. iseranum, in pentaploid H. glomeratum, and in both tetraploid and pentaploid H. floribundum. The documented mode of reproduction is sexual (H. densiflorum, H. echioides, H. piloselloides) and apomictic (H. brachiatum, H. floribundum, H. pilosellinum, H. piloselloides, H. rothianum, H. zizianum). Hieracium bifurcum and H. pistoriense are sterile. The chromosome number and/or mode of reproduction of H. bifurcum (almost sterile pentaploid), H. pilosellinum (apomictic pentaploid), H. piloselloides (apomictic triploid), H. pistoriense (sterile triploid), H. rothianum (apomictic triploid) and H. zizianum (apomictic triploid) are presented here for the first time. The sexual reproduction recorded in the pentaploid H. echioides is the second recorded case of this mode of reproduction in a pentaploid cytotype of Hieracium subgenus Pilosella. A previously unknown occurrence of H. pistoriense (H. macranthum – H. bauhini) in Slovakia is reported.
Příspěvek se zabývá odkazem významného zástupce francouzské slavistiky 20. stol. Clauda Kastlera (1936– 2011), který jako představitel slovanské srovnávací jazykovědy přispěl k vědeckému a pedagogickému rozvoji bohemistických studií na Stendhalově univerzitě v Grenoblu (dnes Université Grenoble Alpes). Zájem o češtinu vyvolaly zejména události pražského jara 1968, kdy Kastler byl povolán na univerzitu. Vedle polské a ruské mluvnice svou pozornost zaměřil na komunikační a lingvodidaktický výzkum češtiny jako cizího jazyka, který se odrazil v jeho syntetizující, "praktické a promyšlené" mluvnici La langue tchèque (1995). Jako rusista vynikl monografií Un bolchévique fou de littérature (1995) o ruském prozaiku a literárním kritiku Alexandru Voronském. Svým dílem a pedagogickým působením navázal na silnou tradici francouzské kulturněhistorické a filologické slavistiky (E. Denis, A. Mazon, A. Meillet, L. Leger ad.). and The paper explores the legacy of Claude Kastler (1936–2011), a major figure in the 20th-century Slavonic studies in France whose research and teaching activities as the leading representative of the Slavonic comparative literature made him instrumental in the promotion of Czech Studies at the University of Grenoble (today the Université Grenoble Alpes). His interest in the Czech language was in particular due to the Prague Spring events of 1968, when he joined the University. Besides Polish and Russian grammar, Kastler's researches were focused on the communicative and linguodidactic study of Czech as a foreign language, which is reflected in his synthesising, "practical and well-designed" grammar of La langue tchèque (1995). Thus in both his works and teaching practice, Kastler followed in the distinguished tradition of cultural, historical, and philological studies of Slavonic nations in France (E. Denis, A. Mazon, A. Meillet, L. Leger, etc.).