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112. The effect of sulforaphane on perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in rats
- Creator:
- Kapoor, Sonam, Kala, David, Svoboda, Jan, Daněk, Jan, Faridová, Adéla, Brnoliaková, Zuzana, Mikulecká, Anna, Folbergrová, Jaroslava, and Otáhal, Jakub
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insult, rat, FDG-PET, sulforaphane, neuronal damage, and motor impairment
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insult (HII) is one of the main devastating causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns. HII induces brain injury which evolves to neurological sequelae later in life. Hypothermia is the only therapeutic approach available capable of diminishing brain impairment after HII. Finding a novel therapeutic method to reduce the severity of brain injury and its consequences is critical in neonatology. The present paper aimed to evaluate the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) pre-treatment on glucose metabolism, neurodegeneration, and functional outcome at the acute, sub-acute, and sub-chronic time intervals in the experimental model of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insult in rats. To estimate the effect of SFN on brain glucose uptake we have performed 18F-deoxyglucose (FDG) μCT/PET. The activity of FDG was determined in the hippocampus and sensorimotor cortex. Neurodegeneration was assessed by histological analysis of Nissl-stained brain sections. To investigate functional outcomes a battery of behavioral tests was employed. We have shown that although SFN possesses a protective effect on glucose uptake in the ischemic hippocampus 24 h and 1 week after HII, no effect has been observed in the motor cortex. We have further shown that the ischemic hippocampal formation tends to be thinner in HIE and SFN treatment tends to reverse this pattern. We have observed subtle chronic movement deficit after HII detected by ladder rung walking test with no protective effect of SFN. SFN should be thus considered as a potent neuroprotective drug with the capability to interfere with pathophysiological processes triggered by perinatal hypoxicischemic insult.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
113. The effects of selenium on the antioxidant defense system in the liver of rats exposed to cadmium
- Creator:
- Ognjanović, B., Žikić, R. V., Štajn, A., Saičić, Z. S., Kostić, M. M., and Petrović, V. M.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- cadmium, selenium, rat, antioxidant defense system, and liver
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Total superoxide dismutase (total SOD), copper zinc containing superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD), and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione- S-transferase (GST) activities as well as ascorbic acid (AsA), and vitamin E (vit E) concentrations were analysed in the liver of rats exposed to cadmium (15 mg Cd/day/kg), selenium (7 fig Se/day/kg), and to cadmium + selenium (15 mg Cd + 7 ptg Se/day/kg), and in control animals. Cadmium caused a decrease of total SOD, Mn SOD, CAT and GSH-Px but an increase of GST activity in the liver of rats. Contrary to cadmium, selenium caused a significant increase of the activity of these enzymes except for GSH-Px. By concomitant exposure to both cadmium and selenium, the toxic effects of cadmium on the activity of mentioned enzymes we abolished. In all exposed groups, the activity of enzyme glutathione-S-transferase was enhanced, indicating its increased role in prevention of lipid peroxidation. Cadmium decreased the concentration of AsA and increased the concentration of vitamin E in the liver, while selenium increased the concentration of both vitamins. However, by concomitant administration of cadmium and selenium, these changes were diminished and tended to reach control values.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
114. The electrocardiographic holter monitoring in experimental veterinary practice
- Creator:
- Peter Scheer, Petr Svoboda, Milan Sepši, Katarína Janečková, and Jaroslav Doubek
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, elektrokardiografie, králíci, kočky, psi, ovce, electrocardiography, rabbits, cats, dogs, sheep, ECG holter recording, rat, ferret, minipig, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The long-term electrocardiographic recording with retrospective evaluation (Holter system) has been widely used not only in cardiology, but also in other disciplines of internal medicine and in pharmaceutical research. The Holter system can be used in mini-pig, sheep, dog, cat, rabbit, ferret, and rat. In this paper hardware, software, and anesthesia requirements are summarized with respect to the experimental work with various species. As the Holter systems work in bipolar mode, the use of bipolar leads in sagittal and transversal planes has been proved to be the most appropriate because of large amplitude of QRS complex and uncomplicated consequent automatic analysis of the record. In conclusion, Holter electrocardiography represents a simple and applicable method for monitoring the electrical activity of the heart in small animals’ experimental studies., P. Scheer ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
115. The influence of NO synthase inhibitor and free oxygen radicals scavenger - methylene Bblue - on streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats
- Creator:
- Haluzík, M., Nedvídková, J., and Škrha, J.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- diabetes, rat, oxidative stress, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) and the subsequent increase of local oxidative stress is suggested as one of the pathophysiological mechanisms of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. It was reported that the administration of NO synthase inhibitors partially attenuated the development of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and reduced hyperglycaemia. Here we have studied the influence of methylene blue, which combines the properties of NO synthase inhibitor with antioxidant effects. The experiments were performed on male rats divided into four groups: control, diabetic (single dose of 70 mg of streptozotocin/kg i.p.), methylene blue (50 mg/kg in the food) and diabetic simultaneously fed with methylene blue. After 45 days the experiments were discontinued by decapitation. Serum glycaemia, glycated haemoglobin and oxidative stress parameters (plasma malondialdehyde concentration and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity) were significantly higher in the diabetic group. Simultaneous methylene blue administration partially reduced glycaemia and glycated haemoglobin, but did not decrease oxidative stress. We conclude that NO synthase inhibitor methylene blue partially attenuates the development of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male rats, but does not reduce the development of oxidative stress in the diabetic group.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
116. The longitudinal growth of tibia in oestradiol-treated and restrictedly fed immature male rats
- Creator:
- Číkoš, Š., Kuchár, S., and Koppel, J.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- tibia growth, oestradiol, food intake, and rat
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The effect of oestradiol administration and restricted feeding on longitudinal tibia growth was investigated in immature male rats. The restrictedly fed animals had a significantly longer tibia, greater thickness of the growth plate, faster rate of longitudinal tibial growth as well as the greater rate of [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation into the growth plate of the tibia compared with oestradiol-treated animals. The results indicate that, in immature male rats, exogenous oestradiol can decrease the longitudinal growth of the tibia (at least partly due to inhibition of cell proliferation in the growth plate) independently of its anorexic effect.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
117. The response of hepatic transcriptome to dietary cholesterol in Prague Hereditary Hypercholesterolemic (PHHC) rat
- Creator:
- Vlachová, M., Marie Heczková, Milan Jirsa, Rudolf Poledne, and Kovář, J.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, cholesterol, dietní jídla, genetika, genová exprese, hypercholesterolémie, diet, genetics, gene expression, hypercholesterolemia, rat, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- To understand the pathogenesis of hypercholesterolemia in Prague hereditary hypercholesterolemic (PHHC) rat, we analyzed the response of hepatic transcriptome to dietary cholesterol in PHHC and control Wistar rats. Male PHHC and Wistar rats were fed chow (C), 5 % fat (palm kernel oil) (CF) or 1 % cholesterol + 5 % fat (CHOL) diet for three weeks. Hepatic transcriptome was analyzed using Affymetrix GeneChip arrays. No differences were found in the effect of both control diets (C and CF) on lipid metabolism and gene expression of 6500 genes. Therefore, these data were pooled for further analysis. Dietary cholesterol induced accumulation of cholesterol and triacylglycerols in the liver in both strains and hypercholesterolemia in PHHC rats. However, there were no differences in response of hepatic transcriptome to CHOL diet. On the other hand, several genes were found to be differently expressed between both strains independently of the diet. Two of those genes, Apof and Aldh1a7, were studied in more detail, and their role in pathogenesis of hypercholesterolemia in PHHC rats could not been corroborated. In conclusion, the hypercholesterolemia in PHHC rats is due to physiological response of hepatic transcriptome to dietary cholesterol in different genetic background., M. Vlachová, M. Heczková, M. Jirsa, R. Poledne, J. Kovář., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
118. Time course of isolated rat fundus response to muscarinic agonists: a measure of intrinsic efficacy
- Creator:
- Jankovic, S. M., Kouvelas, D., and Mirtsou-Fidani, V.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- choline esters, rat, gastric fundus, dose-response relationship, and contraction
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The establishment of a dose-response relationship and its quantification is the usual procedure for analysing drug action on an isolated organ. However, the time course of the effect seems to be an inherent characteristic of the agonist which produces it. In our study, we have analyzed the time-response curves of four cholinergic agonists (acetylcholine, methacholine, carbachol and bethanechol) which produce tonic contractions of the isolated rat gastric fundus. The order of affinity of agonists to muscarinic receptors on the rat fundus were carbachol > bethanechol > methacholine > acetylcholine (Ka values: 46 ±12, 84±21, 380±110 and 730±120 nM, respectively). The effective concentrations which produced 60 % of the maximal response (EC5Q) were used for establishing the time-response curves. The time-response curves were also recorded after partial alkylation of muscarinic receptors with phenoxybenzamine, after exposure of the isolated rat fundus to physostigmine and after addition of supramaximal concentrations of the agonists. The experimental time-response curve for acetylcholine was on the extreme left, followed by curves for methacholine, bethanechol and carbachol, respectively. Phenoxybenzamine and supramaximal doses of the agonists did not change the order of response development in time, but supramaximal doses shifted all curves to the left and phenoxybenzamine shifted all time-response curves to the right. Only physostigmine shifted the time-response curve for methacholine to the right. The results of our study suggest that the response rate of the isolated rat gastric fundus to cholinergic agonists depends on the intrinsic activity of these agents, but not on their affinity for muscarinic receptors.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
119. Time course of leukocyte response and free radical release in an early reperfusion injury of the superior mesenteric artery
- Creator:
- Hamar, J., Rácz, I., Milan Číž, Antonín Lojek, Pállinger, É., and Fűrész, J.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, lymfocyty, lymphocytes, rat, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, chemiluminescence, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The sequence of changes in circulating immune cells and in free radical production was studied during the small intestine reperfusion. Rat small intestine ischemia/reperfusion was induced by a 45 min superior mesenteric artery occlusion followed by a 4-hour reperfusion. Samples of peripheral blood were collected every 20 min during reperfusion. While the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes increased significantly both in the sham-operated controls and the experimental group (about 400 % at the end of reperfusion), a decrease in lymphocyte counts to 60 % was observed in the experimental group only. Although there were no changes in the counts of total T lymphocytes, a significant reduction in B cell counts was observed. Flow-cytometrical measurements showed no changes in the Tc subpopulation, while the Th subpopulation increased in the experimental group only. Free radical generation in blood (luminometric measurements) increased gradually and reached an eight-fold level by the end of reperfusion in both groups. Thus, it has been shown that the increase in free radical production is mainly due to the increased number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes mobilized already at the initial stages of reperfusion. The reduction in B lymphocyte population is probably due to homing mechanisms., J. Hamar, I. Rácz, M. Číž, A. Lojek, É. Pállinger, J. Fűrész., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
120. Time-dependent effects of starvation on serum, pituitary and hypothalamic leptin levels in rats
- Creator:
- Vujovic, P., Lakic, I., Laketa, D., Jasnic, N., Djurasevic, S. F., Gordana Cvijić, and Djordjevic, J.
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hladovění, leptin, starvation, hypothalamus, pituitary, rat, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Leptin is produced by white adipose tissue and other cell types and is involved in both short- and long-term appetite control. Here we studied effects of star vation on serum, pituitary and hypothalamic levels of leptin during 72 h period. Each of the starved groups was sacrificed simultaneously with the group of ad libitum fed animals. The progression of the discrete starvation response phases was monitored by testing the blood glucose, free fatty acid, urea and corticosterone levels. Starvation caused biphasic increase in corticosterone and free fatty acid levels, and significant but transient decrease in urea and glucose levels. Starvation also abolished diurnal rhythm of changes in leptin concentrations in serum and hypothalamic and pituitary tissues. Only 6 h starving period was sufficient to lock serum leptin at low levels, whereas 12 h were needed to silence leptin production/secretion in hypothalamus for the whole examined period. In contrast, leptin production by pituitary tissues of starved animals required 24 h to reach minimum, followed by full recovery by the end of starvation period. These resu lts indicate the tissue specific pattern of leptin release and suggest that the locally produced leptin could activate its receptor in pituitary cells independently of serum levels of this hormone., P. Vujovic ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public