Measurement of leaf area is commonly used in many horticultural research experiments, but it is generally destructive, requiring leaves to be removed for measurement. Determining the individual leaf area (LA) of bedding plants like pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.), dahlia (Dahlia pinnata), sweet William (Dianthus barbatus L.), geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum), petunia (Petunia × hybrida), and pansy (Viola wittrockiana) involves measurements of leaf parameters such as length (L) and width (W) or some combinations of these parameters. Two experiments were carried out during spring 2010 (on two pot marigold, four dahlia, three sweet William, four geranium, three petunia, and three pansy cultivars) and summer 2010 (on one cultivar per species) under greenhouse conditions to test whether a model could be developed to estimate LA of bedding plants across cultivars. Regression analysis of LA versus L and W revealed several models that could be used for estimating the area of individual bedding plants leaves. A linear model having LW as the independent variable provided the most accurate estimate (highest R2, smallest mean square error, and the smallest predicted residual error sum of squares) of LA in all bedding plants. Validation of the model having LW of leaves measured in the summer 2010 experiment coming from other cultivars of bedding plants showed that the correlation between calculated and measured bedding plants leaf areas was very high. Therefore, these allometric models could be considered simple and useful tools in many experimental comparisons without the use of any expensive instruments. and F. Giuffrida ... [et al.].
The purpose of this paper is to present a new paradigm and an innovative technology for thinking about the future. The concept of time synchronization is introduced as a technology to improve individual competency for balancing the continuous construciton of reinterpreted pasts, presents and futures in order to cope with the aceleration of change, complexity, and uncertainty. This new paradigm is driven by recognition of three factors: 1. Humans are both conservative and novelty generating. 2. Novelty is a key factor of life and humans address novelty through pattern-evolvign creativity. 3. Reality is defined through the unique ability of humans to anticipate and define experience in terms of pattern and category. This article asserts that rapidly expanding human pluarity and novelty require new models concerning relationships of past, present, and future. Such models should adequately address the rapidly changing and more complex conditions in which they are constructed and deconstructed, including the expanding opportunities that accompany them. and Arthur M. Harkins, George H. Kubik, John Moravec.
In scientific practice, we find ideal models that rely on a sort of idealization. These ideal-model descriptions are usually construed as distorted representations of some real system. As such, the ideal-model descriptions count as appeals to (scientific) fictions. Here, I present a category of ideal-model descriptions which – even though involving some idealization assumptions – are nevertheless true. These cases come out as puzzling though. On the one hand, they presuppose some misrepresentations of an intended target system; on the other hand, they are true of that target system. and Lukáš Bielik
The review summarizes results concerning photosynthetic systems with chlorophylls and carotenoids obtained by means of spectral methods such as polarized radiation, photoacoustic spectroscopy, delayed luminescence, thermal deactivation, and leading to construction of model systems. and D. Frąckowiak, B. Smyk.
Models of vernacular architecture are one of the best ways for the documentation of folk buildings. However, it is necessary to be aware of the fact that those models document the buildings visually, while their construction and material are documented only insufficiently. The research on the models showed that the models are made at more quality levels which differ in the fidelity of imitation of a constructional detail or material used. Even though the models will continue to be a suitable means to document vernacular architecture, it is necessary to replenish them with other documentation methods. The future of the models consists primarily in the presentation of folk buildings.
The text deals with models of vernacular architecture in collections of the Přelouč City Museum. The models were made by Antonín Pleskot (1909-1980), a native from Přelouč and a today less known author of vernacular architecture ́s models, in connection with the Přelouč Ethnographic Exhibition (1893) at the turn of the 20th century. The contribution also summaries his production. Pleskot produced historical and ethnographic models of different buildings for national heritage institutions and different museums throughout the then Czechoslovakia. His works were exhibited, among other places, in the National Museums in Prague and Bratislava, in the Moravian Museum in Brno, the Silesian Museum in Opava, the South-Bohemian Museum in České Budějovice and in Nitra.Pleskot was a member of the Marold Association of Fine Artists and took part in several exhibitions, including the Exhibition of Folk Art at the
Hybernians´ Palace in Prague in 1953.
This concluding study devoted to quantificational accounts of consequence and related logical properties deals with the model-theoretic account (MTA). In response to objections questioning its intuitive adequacy, it is argued that MTA does not aim to analyse ''the'' alleged intuitive notion of consequence, but aims to formally reconstruct one specific semantic account, according to which valid arguments preserve truth in virtue of their logico-semantic structure and irrespectively of particular semantic values of the non-logical vocabulary. So conceived, MTA is arguably superior to any other quantificational account, being based on a principled account of the semantic structure and the specific contribution of logical elements to it., Tato závěrečná studie věnovaná kvantifikačním účtům důsledků a souvisejících logických vlastností se zabývá modelovým teoretickým popisem (MTA). V odezvě na námitky zpochybňující jeho intuitivní přiměřenost se tvrdí, že MTA nemá za cíl analyzovat ,,údajný'' intuitivní pojem důsledků, ale má za cíl formálně rekonstruovat jeden specifický sémantický účet, podle kterého platné argumenty zachovávají pravdu na základě svého logika. -semantická struktura a bez ohledu na jednotlivé sémantické hodnoty nelogické slovní zásoby. Tak koncipovaný, MTA je pravděpodobně nadřazený nějakému jinému kvantifikačnímu účtu, být založený na principiálním popisu sémantické struktury a specifickém příspěvku logických elementů k tomu., and Ladislav Koreň