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2. A new genus and species of Homoiopteridae from the Upper Carboniferous of the Intra-Sudetic Basin, Czech Republic (Insecta: Palaeodictyoptera
- Creator:
- Prokop, Jakub and Nel, André
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Insecta, Dictyoneuridea, Palaeodictyoptera, Homoiopteridae, gen. n., sp. n., taxonomy, Palaeozoic, Upper Carboniferous, Duckmantian, Intra-Sudetic Basin, and Czech Republic
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- New palaeodictyopterid Paraostrava stanislavi gen. n., sp. n. is described from the Upper Carboniferous (Duckmantian) deposits of the Jan Šverma Mine in northern Bohemia (Czech Republic). The new taxon based on hindwing venation is attributed to Homoiopteridae and compared with the other homoiopterid and heolid genera within Homoiopteroidea. Due to the poor state preservation of Boltopruvostia robusta, we consider this taxon as Palaeodictyoptera: Homoiopteridae of uncertain position and restore the well defined genus Ostrava Kukalová, 1960 (type species Ostrava nigra Kukalová, 1960). Some uncertainties in the current state of knowledge on the taxonomy and phylogeny of the Homoiopteridae are pointed out. The characters matrix used to separate the genera of Homoiopteroidea is included.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3. A new Upper Cretaceous species of Chresmoda from Lebanon - a latest representative of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Polyneoptera inc. sed.): first record of homeotic mutations in the fossil record of insects
- Creator:
- Nel, André, Azar, Dany, Martínez-Delclós, Xavier, and Eduard
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Insecta, Polyneoptera, Chresmodidae, Cenomanian, Lebanon, systematic palaeontology, Palaeoecology, leg morphology, and pleustonic life
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The most recent representative of the semi-aquatic insect family Chresmodidae is described from the Lebanese Cenomanian marine lithographic limestone. Its highly specialized legs, with a high number of tarsomeres, never observed in other orders of insects, were probably adapted for water surface skating. We hypothesize the occurrence of a unique, extraordinary "antenna" mutation affecting the distal part of the legs of the Chresmodidae, maybe homeotic or affecting some genes that participate in the leg development and segmentation. The Chresmodidae had a serrate ovipositor adapted to endophytic egg laying in floating or aquatic plants. They were probably predaceous on nektonic small animals. As the Chresmodidae and the aquatic water skaters of the bug families Veliidae and Gerridae were contemporaneous during at least the Lower Cretaceous, these insects probably did not cause the extinction of this curious group.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4. Arthropod fauna recorded in flowers of apomictic Taraxacum section Ruderalia
- Creator:
- Alois Honěk, Zdenka Martinková, Jiří Skuhrovec, Miroslav Barták, Jan Bezděk, Petr Bogusch, Hadrava, Jiří, Jiří Hájek, Janšta, Petr, Josef Jelínek, Jan Kirschner, Kubáň, Vítězslav, Stanislav Pekár, Pavel Průdek, Pavel Štys, and Jan Šumpich
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, členovci, hmyz, pyl, smetanka, arthropods, insects, pollen, Taraxacum, Arthropoda, Insecta, plant-herbivore interactions, abundance, annual variation, diurnal variation, host communities, flower temperature, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Flowers of dicotyledonous plants host communities of arthropod species. We studied the community associated with dandelion (Taraxacum section Ruderalia), a complex of apomictic micro-species abundant in central Europe. Identification of microspecies in the field was impracticable. These plants produce an abundance of flowers that host arthropod communities that are not yet fully documented. We investigated species occurrence, its diurnal and seasonal variation and some of the factors that determine the abundance of the dominant species. Insect and spiders were collected from 2010 to 2012 at a locality in Prague. Whole capitula were harvested at weekly intervals and resident arthropods were identified. Diurnal variation in insect presence and the effect of pollen and microclimate on some of the species were also examined. The insect community (> 200 species) consisted mainly of species of Hymenoptera (86 spp.), Coleoptera (56 spp.), Diptera (46 spp.) and Heteroptera (23 spp.). The most abundant were Thysanoptera (2 spp.). Pollen eaters/collectors and nectar feeders dominated over predators and occasional visitors. From April to mid-August, the insect community was dominated by Coleoptera, and later by Diptera and Hymenoptera. Except for Meligethes spp. and species breeding in the capitula, the insects occupied flowers during the daytime when the flowers were open (10-12 h in spring and only 2-4 h in late summer). The presence of Meligethes spp. in particular flowers was associated with the presence of pollen; the occurrence of Byturus ochraceus with pollen and flower temperature. Although pollination is not necessary, dandelion plants produce both nectar and pollen. The community of arthropods that visit dandelion flowers is rich despite their being ephemeral.The composition of local faunas of flower visitors, presence of floral rewards and flower microclimate are important factors determining the composition of the flower community., Alois Honěk, Zdenka Martinková, Jiří Skuhrovec, Miroslav Barták, Jan Bezděk, Petr Bogusch, Jiří Hadrava, Jiří Hájek, Petr Janšta, Josef Jelínek, Jan Kirschner, Vítězslav Kubáň, Stano Pekár, Pavel Průdek, Pavel Štys, Jan Šumpich., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
5. First report on trichomonads from true bugs
- Creator:
- Smejkalová, Pavla, Votýpka, Jan, Lukeš, Julius, and Čepička, Ivan
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Parabasalia, intestinal endosymbionts, Simplicimonas, Monocercomonas, phylogeny, SSU rDNA, Heteroptera, Insecta, and host-parasite association
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Although the hindgut of some insects represents a rich source of intestinal trichomonads, their diversity is only poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence and abundance of intestinal trichomonads in true bugs (Heteroptera). We microscopically examined intestinal contents of more than 780 specimens belonging to 28 families of true bugs from localities in China, Ghana and Papua New Guinea for the presence of intestinal endosymbionts. More than 120 samples were examined also by means of PCR using trichomonad-specific primers. We determined sequences of SSU rDNA and ITS region of two isolates of the genus Simplicimonas Cepicka, Hampl et Kulda, 2010 and one isolate of Monocercomonas colubrorum (Hammerschmidt, 1844). Although our results showed that trichomonads are very rare inhabitants of the intestine of true bugs, two of three isolated flagellates belong to species specific for reptiles. The possibility of transmission of trichomonads between reptiles and true bugs is discussed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
6. How small you can go: Factors limiting body miniaturization in winged insects with a review of the pantropical genus Discheramocephalus and description of six new species of the smallest beetles (Pterygota: Coleoptera: Ptiliidae)
- Creator:
- Grebennikov, Vasily
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Body size, C-value, Insecta, Pterygota, Coleoptera, Ptiliidae, Discheramocephalus, Hymenoptera, Platygastridae, Errolium, egg-parasitoids, smallest insect, description, morphology, anatomy, and histology
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The recently described and originally monotypic genus Discheramocephalus Johnson, 2007 from the Solomon Islands is revised. Six new species are described, illustrated and keyed: Discheramocephalus brucei sp. n. (Cameroon), D. elisabethae sp. n. (Cameroon), D. mikaeli sp. n. (Tanzania), D. stewarti sp. n. (Bolivia), D. jarmilae sp. n. (Bolivia), D. minutissimus sp. n. (Indonesia). Adults of D. minutissimus have a body length of about 400-426 µm, which is at the lower limit among non-egg-parasitoid insects. Evidence is provided that an egg size large enough to produce a viable larva is the main factor limiting miniaturisation of female insects. Females and males of egg-parasitoids are able to overcome the 400 µm threshold and reach limits of 180 µm and 130 µm, respectively. Brain size is likely the second most important factor limiting miniaturisation in insects.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7. Raphogla rubra gen. n., sp. n., the oldest representative of the clade of modern Ensifera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidea, Gryllidea)
- Creator:
- Bethoux, Olivier, Nel, André, Lapeyrie, Jean, Gand, Georges, and Galtier, Jean
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Insecta, Orthoptera, Ensifera, Tettigoniidea, Gryllidea, Hagloidea, Raphoglidae fam. nov., Upper Permian, France, and phylogenetic significance
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Raphogla rubra gen. n., sp. n., oldest representative of the (Tettigoniidea & Gryllidea) is described from the Upper Permian of the Lodève basin (France). Its phylogenetic relationships within the Ensifera are discussed. The new taxon occupies a very basal position, probably as sister group of the whole group (Tettigoniidea & Gryllidea).
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8. The Permostridulidae fam. n. (Panorthoptera), a new enigmatic insect family from the Upper Permian of France
- Creator:
- Béthoux, Olivier, Nel, André, Lapeyrie, Jean, and Gand, Georges
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Insecta, Neoptera, Panorthoptera, Permostridulidae fam. n., Permostridulus brongniarti gen. n. & sp. n., Upper Permian, France, and stridulatory apparatus
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The unusual wing characters of the Permian insect Permostridulus brongniarti gen. n., sp. n. justifies the creation of a new family, the Permostridulidae fam. n., within the Panorthoptera. Phylogenetic relationships with the extinct order Caloneurodea, related to the Orthoptera (crickets, grasshoppers), are assumed. This assumption suggests an occurrence of the Permostridulidae at least since the Upper Carboniferous. The most prominent feature of the wing venation is a stridulatory apparatus, nonhomologous with those previously known in "panorthopterid" lineages. This is the oldest recorded sound-producing device of an animal.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public