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1. A new Upper Cretaceous species of Chresmoda from Lebanon - a latest representative of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Polyneoptera inc. sed.): first record of homeotic mutations in the fossil record of insects

Creator:
Nel, André, Azar, Dany, Martínez-Delclós, Xavier, and Eduard
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Insecta, Polyneoptera, Chresmodidae, Cenomanian, Lebanon, systematic palaeontology, Palaeoecology, leg morphology, and pleustonic life
Language:
English
Description:
The most recent representative of the semi-aquatic insect family Chresmodidae is described from the Lebanese Cenomanian marine lithographic limestone. Its highly specialized legs, with a high number of tarsomeres, never observed in other orders of insects, were probably adapted for water surface skating. We hypothesize the occurrence of a unique, extraordinary "antenna" mutation affecting the distal part of the legs of the Chresmodidae, maybe homeotic or affecting some genes that participate in the leg development and segmentation. The Chresmodidae had a serrate ovipositor adapted to endophytic egg laying in floating or aquatic plants. They were probably predaceous on nektonic small animals. As the Chresmodidae and the aquatic water skaters of the bug families Veliidae and Gerridae were contemporaneous during at least the Lower Cretaceous, these insects probably did not cause the extinction of this curious group.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

2. Príčiny vzniku libanonskej občianskej vojny v roku 1975

Creator:
Karol R. Sorby
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociologie kultury. Kulturní život, 20. století, libanonská občanská válka (1975-1990), vnitrostátní ozbrojené konflikty, Lebanese civil war (1975-1990), domestic armed conflicts, Libanon, Lebanon, 1, and 316.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
In the years following the June 1967 War, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict intruded on Lebanese political life. This development, in combination with the demographic and political changes taking place inside Lebanon itself, upset the country's fragile sectarian balance and plunged it into fifteen years of vicious and destructive civil war. The civil war was not an exclusively Lebanese affair; it was precipitated by the Palestinian presence in the country. Support for the Palestinians came primarily from Muslims alienated by the existing system, which benefited the political leaders and their associates but failed to provide basic social services to broad sections of the population. The social and economic grievances of Muslims were compounded by the sectarian arrangements that continued to favour the coutry's Christians., Karol Sorby., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public