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Start Over Creator Lukeš, Julius

1. A diagnostic assay based on variable intergenic region distinguishes between Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum

Creator:
Chocholová, Eva, Jirků, Milan, and Lukeš, Julius
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Language:
English
Description:
We have developed a PCR assay that in a single reaction distinguishes between Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani strains on the basis of different size of the amplicon. The targeted intergenic region between putative biopterin transporter and nucleotide binding protein on chromosome 35 is highly variable, species-specific and can be amplified from clinical samples. Based on the assay, five tested Leishmania archibaldi and L. infantum strains from the Sudan and Ethiopia clearly belong to L. donovani, which is in accordance with a recent multifactorial analysis of these strains. The nucleotide sequence reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBankTM with accession number EU068004.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3. Does the fish-infecting Trypanosoma micropteri belong to Trypanosoma carassii?

Creator:
Zhang, Peng, Chen, Ke, Svobodová, Michaela, Yang, Ting-Bao, Lukeš, Julius, Zhang, Jinyong, Lun, Zhao-Rong, and Lai, De-Hua
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
trypanosomes, 18S rRNA gene, morphological data, host ranges, fish, classification, and synonymy
Language:
English
Description:
Recently, based on a limited morphological characterisation and partial 18S rRNA gene sequence, Jiang et al. (2019) described Trypanosoma micropteri Jiang, Lu, Du, Wang, Hu, Su et Li, 2019 as a new pathogen of farmed fish. Here we provide evidence based on the expanded sequence dataset, morphology and experimental infections that this trypanosome does not warrant the establishment as a new species, because it is conspecific with the long-term known Trypanosoma carassii Mitrophanow, 1883, a common haemoflagellate parasite of freshwater fish. The former taxon thus becomes a new junior synonym of T. carassii.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4. Dva „staré" druhy trypanozom - petite mutanti trypanozomy spavičné

Creator:
Lukeš, Julius
Type:
article and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
Trypanosoma evansi a T. equiperdum jsou závažní patogeni v krvi koní, velbloudů a vodních buvolů, kteří se vyskytují v tropech různých kontinentů. Po dobu více než 100 let byli tito bičíkovci považováni za samostatné druhy. V současnosti se však podařilo prokázat, že se vlastně jedná o kmeny druhu Trypanosoma brucei, přenášeného mezi africkým dobytkem a antilopami mouchou tse-tse, které částečně nebo úplně ztratily mitochondrialní DNA. To způsobilo ztrátu schopnosti přenosu mouchou tse-tse, což paradoxně umožnilo rozšíření těchto trypanosom z Afriky na ostatní kontinenty, kde jsou přenášeny pasivně ovády nebo při páření zvířat. Článek diskutuje evoluční scénáře, které patrně vedly ke vzniku těchto jedinečných patogenů. and T. evansi and T. equiperdum are pathogens of horses, camels and water buffaloes, occurring globally in tropical regions. For more than 100 years they were considered to be separate species. However, it has been shown recently that they are actually strains of T. brucei, a wi­de­spread African pathogen responsible for nagana of cattle and antelopes, that have lost part or all of their mitochondrial DNA. Consequently, they cannot be transmitted by the tse-tse fly, and are passively transmitted by tabanids or sex, which paradoxically allowed their spread outside of Africa.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

5. Editování RNA: od obskUrnosti k všUdypřítomnosti

Creator:
Hashimi, Hassan and Lukeš, Julius
Type:
article and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
Základní tok genetické informace, plynoucí od DNA přes RNA do bílkovin, představuje základní dogma molekulární biologie. Editování RNA je proces, během něhož dochází ke změnám pořadí nukleotidů v RNA molekule, které nejsou specifikovány v příslušné sekvenci DNA. Tento v eukaryotickém světě značně rozšířený proces byl poprvé nalezen v parazitickém prvoku Trypanosoma brucei, který u člověka způsobuje spavou nemoc. Níže popisujeme historii poznávání editování RNA u trypanozom a stručně se zmiňujeme i o dalších formách editování u jiných organismů. and The information flow from DNA via RNA to proteins is the central dogma behind molecular biology. RNA editing is the process whereby the sequence of nucleotides is changed in a way that is not specified by the DNA sequence in question. This process is quite frequent in the eukaryotic world and was described for the first time in the parasitic protist Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agents of human sleeping sickness. Below we describe how RNA editing was found in these flagellates and also briefly mention different types of RNA editing described in other organisms.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

6. First report on trichomonads from true bugs

Creator:
Smejkalová, Pavla, Votýpka, Jan, Lukeš, Julius, and Čepička, Ivan
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Parabasalia, intestinal endosymbionts, Simplicimonas, Monocercomonas, phylogeny, SSU rDNA, Heteroptera, Insecta, and host-parasite association
Language:
English
Description:
Although the hindgut of some insects represents a rich source of intestinal trichomonads, their diversity is only poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence and abundance of intestinal trichomonads in true bugs (Heteroptera). We microscopically examined intestinal contents of more than 780 specimens belonging to 28 families of true bugs from localities in China, Ghana and Papua New Guinea for the presence of intestinal endosymbionts. More than 120 samples were examined also by means of PCR using trichomonad-specific primers. We determined sequences of SSU rDNA and ITS region of two isolates of the genus Simplicimonas Cepicka, Hampl et Kulda, 2010 and one isolate of Monocercomonas colubrorum (Hammerschmidt, 1844). Although our results showed that trichomonads are very rare inhabitants of the intestine of true bugs, two of three isolated flagellates belong to species specific for reptiles. The possibility of transmission of trichomonads between reptiles and true bugs is discussed.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

7. High prevalence of trypanosome co-infections in freshwater fishes

Creator:
Grybchuk-Ieremenko, Anastasiia, Losev, Alexander, Kostygov, Alexei Yu., Lukeš, Julius, and Yurchenko, Vyacheslav
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Trypanosoma, blood parasites, mixed infections, phylogeny, 18S rRNA, and teleosts
Language:
English
Description:
One thousand three hundred seventy three fish specimens of eight different species from the vicinity of Kyiv, Ukraine, were examined for the presence of trypanosomes and 921 individuals were found to be infected. The prevalence of infection ranged from 24% in freshwater bream, Abramis brama (Linnaeus), to 100 % in spined loach, Cobitis ''taenia'' Linnaeus. The level of parasitaemia also varied significantly between generally mild infections in pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus), and heavy ones in C. ''taenia''. In most cases the infections with trypanosomes were asymptomatic. Cases of co-infection with species of Trypanoplasma Laveran et Mesnil, 1901 were documented for five out of eight examined host species. Molecular analysis of the 18S rDNA sequences revealed that four hosts, namely northern pike, Esox lucius Linnaeus, freshwater bream, spined loach and European perch, Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, were simultaneously infected with two different trypanosome species. Our findings advocate the view that to avoid the risk posed by mixed infections, subsequent molecular taxonomic studies should be performed on clonal lines derived from laboratory cultures of fish trypanosomes.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

8. How monoxenous trypanosomatids revealed hidden feeding habits of their tsetse fly hosts

Creator:
Votýpka, Jan, Petrželková, Klára J., Brzoňová, Jana, Jirků, Milan, Modrý, David, and Lukeš, Julius
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Glossina, blood-feeding, adenotrophic viviparity, bodonids, Trypanosoma, and infection
Language:
English
Description:
Tsetse flies are well-known vectors of trypanosomes pathogenic for humans and livestock. For these strictly blood-feeding viviparous flies, the host blood should be the only source of nutrients and liquids, as well as any exogenous microorganisms colonising their intestine. Here we describe the unexpected finding of several monoxenous trypanosomatids in their gut. In a total of 564 individually examined Glossina (Austenia) tabaniformis (Westwood) (436 specimens) and Glossina (Nemorhina) fuscipes fuscipes (Newstead) (128 specimens) captured in the Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic, 24 (4.3%) individuals were infected with monoxenous trypanosomatids belonging to the genera Crithidia Léger, 1902; Kentomonas Votýpka, Yurchenko, Kostygov et Lukeš, 2014; Novymonas Kostygov et Yurchenko, 2020; Obscuromonas Votýpka et Lukeš, 2021; and Wallacemonas Kostygov et Yurchenko, 2014. Moreover, additional 20 (3.5%) inspected tsetse flies harboured free-living bodonids affiliated with the genera Dimastigella Sandon, 1928; Neobodo Vickerman, 2004; Parabodo Skuja, 1939; and Rhynchomonas Klebs, 1892. In the context of the recently described feeding behaviour of these dipterans, we propose that they become infected while taking sugar meals and water, providing indirect evidence that blood is not their only source of food and liquids.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public