Centrum pro tyreoidální onkologii a endokrinní orbitopatie Nádory štítné žlázy vycházejí z folikulárního epitelu štítné žlázy, jsou hormonálně dependentní, vyskytují se 5x častěji u žen než u mužů ve všech věkových skupinách, obvykle dobře vychytávají jod. Klinicky se může projevovat jako lokálně rostoucí uzel ve štítné žláze, nádorová infiltrace spádových krčních lymfatických uzlin, vzdálené plicní a kostní metastázy. Diagnostika se opírá o sonografické vyšetření, tenkojehlou aspirační biopisii, hladinu Tg. Léčba je interdisciplinární. Totální tyreoidektomie (TTE), následné doléčení radiojodem v hypotyreóze, supresní léčba tyreoidálními hormony (TSH < 0,1 mIU/l), doživotní dispenzarizace. Podán přehled o současných léčebných postupech., Thyroid carcinoma arises from follicular epithelium, have a hormonal activity, occur 5 more frequent in woman with all ages, Therapy is interdisciplinary: total thyroidectomy, radioiodine treatment in hypothyroidism, supression hormonal therapy and long term follow up. Is given management for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Kew words: differentiated thyroid cancer, thyroiectomy, radioiodine, follow up, thyroglobulin., Petr Vlček, and Literatura 6
Numerous association studies have been involved in studying the angiotensinogen (AGT) variants, AG T plasma levels and relations to cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease. To investigate a role of AGT G(-6)A and M235T genetic variants for chronic heart failure (CHF) and advanced atherosclerosis (AA), a total of 240 patients with CHF and 200 patients with AA of the Czech origin were evaluated for the study. The study shows the role of polymorphism AGT G(-6)A in genetic background among advanced atherosclerosis patients and chronic heart failure patients (Pg=0.001). This difference was also observed in comparison of AA patients with subgroup of CHF with dilated cardiomyopathy (Pg=0.02; Pa=0.009), and ischemic heart disease (Pg=0.007). The greatest difference between triple-vessel disease and chronic heart failure groups was observed in freque ncy of GT haplotype (P<0.001) and GGMT associated genotype (P <0.001). Retrospectively, we found the same trend when the subgroups of CHF were compared to AA group (AA vs. IHD with CHF P<0.001; AA vs. DCM P<0.001). These results suggest AGT genetic variants as a risk factor for chronic heart failure compared to advanced atherosclerosis disease without heart failure, with a strong difference between IHD patients and chronic heart failure patients with ischemic heart disease, especially in haplotypes and associated genotypes., M. Pávková Goldbergová ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The purpose of this study was to compare a pattern of 7 enzymes of energy-supplying metabolism in atrial and ventricular myocardium in some mammalian species. Tissue samples of right and left atria and ventricles were obtained from adult male rats, guinea-pigs, rabbits, dogs and pigs. The results clearly demonstrate significant differences in enzyme activities between the atria and ventricles in all these species. In the atria the activity of enzymes connected with aerobic and lactate metabolism (hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase) was markedly lower than in ventricles. On the other hand, in rats, dogs and pigs glucose phosphorylation capacity (hexokinase) was approximately the same in atrial tissue as in ventricles. Right-to-left metabolic differences were much less expressed; conspicuous was only the higher activity of hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase in the left atria and ventricles of guinea-pigs and rabbits indicating higher fatty acid utilization capacity in the left heart.
We studied variations in the abundance of parasitic spinturnicid mites in relation to the gender, age and body condition of bats living in different habitats. Populations of Spinturnix myoti Kolenati, 1856 (Acari: Spinturnicidae), an ectoparasite of the bat Myotis myotis (Borkhausen) (Mammalia: Chiroptera), were investigated in two types of roosts differing in microclimatic conditions: caves (low temperature and high humidity) and attics (high temperature and low humidity). Our data suggest that bats from cave nursery colonies harbour more parasites than those from attic colonies, irrespective of host sex or age. In underground colonies, adult females and their young differ in the mean abundance of parasites, whereas no such differences were found in attic colonies. Non-lactating females from underground roosts and lactating females from attic colonies had similar parasite loads, were lower than those of adult lactating females from caves. A negative correlation between the host body condition index and parasite load was found only in the most infected sex/age group of bats. In spite of significant differences in parasite load, the mean abundance of particular life stages of mites seems to be independent of the type of roost occupied by the host, its sex or age. However, in attic colonies the number of female deutonymphs was twice that of male deutonymphs, whereas in cave colonies the proportions of the sexes were similar. We suggest that the microclimate of the host's roosts may influence ectoparasite abundance through pressure on the sex ratio in the nymphal stages of mites.
Under normal conditions, antioxidants at the corneal surface are balanced with the production of reactive oxygen species without any toxic effects. Danger from oxidative stress appears when natural antioxidants are overwhelmed leading to antioxidant/prooxidant imbalance. The aim of the present study was to examine the activities of enzymes contributing to the antioxidant/prooxidant balance in normal corneal epithelium of various mammals. The enzyme activities of antioxidant superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as prooxidant xanthine oxidoreductase/xanthine oxidase were examined using biochemical methods. Results show that superoxide dismutase activity is high in rabbits and guinea pigs, whereas in pigs the activity is low and in cows it is nearly absent. In contrast, glutathione peroxidase activity is high in cows, pigs and rabbits, whereas in guinea pigs the activity is low. As far as prooxidant enzymes are concerned, elevated xanthine oxidoreductase/xanthine oxidase activities were found in rabbits, lower activities in guinea pigs, very low activity in cows and no activity in pigs. In conclusion, the above results demonstrate inter-species variations in activities of enzymes participating in antioxidant/prooxidant balance in the corneal epithelium. It is suggested that the levels of antioxidant and prooxidant enzymes studied in the corneal epithelium might be associated with the diurnal or nocturnal activity of animals. UV rays decompose hydrogen peroxide to damaging hydroxyl radicals and perhaps for this reason large animals with diurnal activity (cow, pig) require more effective peroxide removal (high glutathione peroxidase activity) together with the suppression of peroxide production (low superoxide dismutase activity, low xanthine oxidoreductase activity)., J. Kovačeva, J. Pláteník, M. Vejražka, S. Štípek, T. Ardan, Č. Čejka, A. Midelfart, J. Čejková., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The influence of ApoE gene deletion on the anxiety state has not been previously investigated. The elevated plus maze was used in this study to determine differences in anxiety-related behavior between apoE-deficient and wild type C57BL/6 mice. The apoE-deficient mice demonstrated less anxiety on the elevated plus maze by spending more time in the open arms of the elevated plus maze compared to wild type mice (p<0.001). Additionally, female apoE-deficient mice visited the open arm of the maze more often than their apoE-deficient male counterpart (p<0.05). The anxiety state and/or sex are possible variables to be considered when designing physiological and/or behavioral studies involving mice that are apoE-deficient.
The general population is potentially exposed to many chemicals that can affect the endocrine system. These substances are called endocrine disruptors (EDs), and among them bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most widely used and well studied. Nonetheless, there are still no data on simultaneous measurements of various EDs along with steroids directly in the seminal fluid, where deleterious effects of EDs on spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis are assumed. We determined levels of BPA and 3 estrogens using LC-MS/MS in the plasma and seminal plasma of 174 men with different degrees of infertility. These men were divided according their spermiogram values into 4 groups: (1) healthy men, and (2) slightly, (3) moderate, and (4) severely infertile men. Estradiol levels differed across the groups and body fluids. Slightly infertile men have significantly higher BPA plasma and seminal plasma levels in comparison with healthy men (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Furthermore, seminal BPA, but not plasma BPA, was negatively associated with sperm concentration and total sperm count (-0.27; p<0.001 and -0.24; p<0.01, respectively). These findings point to the importance of seminal plasma in BPA research. Overall, a disruption of estrogen metabolism was observed together with a weak but significant impact of BPA on sperm count and concentration., J. Vitku, L. Sosvorova, T. Chlupacova, R. Hampl, M. Hill, V. Sobotka, J. Heracek, M. Bicikova, L. Starka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We determined the differences in body size and female reproductive traits between two closely-related species of Asian geckos, Gekko japonicus and G. hokouensisG. japonicus than G. hokouensis, and in both species, females were larger than males. Relative head size (length and width) did not show between-species divergence, but was larger in males than in females. Female G. japonicus was larger, and laid eggs earlier in the reproductive season than G. hokouensis. Both species produced an invariant clutch size of two eggs in our samples, but other reproductive traits such as egg size, clutch mass and relative clutch mass differed significantly between the species. G. japonicus produced larger eggs and, had greater clutch mass and relative clutch mass than did G. hokouensis. This inter-specific divergence in reproductive traits was partly attributable to the difference in maternal body size, but also stemmed from some other intrinsic factors such as genetic differences and maternal effects.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of disaccharidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV activities in rat jejunal enterocytes under the influence of long-term germ-free conditions. We found that the brush-border lactase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV activities were two to three times higher in 2-month-old germ-free rats in comparison with their conventional counterparts. The highest effect of germ-free condition was observed on lactase activity in 6-month-old and dipeptidyl peptidase IV in 2-month-old rats. No difference between germ-free and conventional rats in sucrase and glucoamylase activities was found in 2-month-old rats. The difference develops with increasing age, sucrase activity becoming significantly higher in 6- and 12-month-old rats and glucoamylase in 12-month-old germ-free rats.