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11. Enteral administration of lipid emulsions protects liver cytochrome c oxidase from hepatotoxic action of thioacetamide

Creator:
Červinková, Z. and Drahota, Z.
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
cytochrome c oxidase, thioacetamide, lipids, and liver
Language:
English
Description:
During 48 hours after application sublethal doses of hepatotoxic agent thiacetamide decrease cytochrome c oxidase activity of rat liver homogenate and isolated mitochondria to 46 % and 32 % of original values, respectively. This decrease may be prevented by simultaneous application of lipid emulsion (mixture of Lipofundin and Mygliol) twice a day.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

13. Important role of autophagy in regulation of metabolic processes in health, disease and aging

Creator:
Papáčková, Z. and Monika Cahová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, metabolismus, bílkoviny, lipidy, sacharidy, metabolism, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, autophagy, lysosome, autophagosome, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Autophagy is the basic catabolic mechanism that involves degradation of dysfunctional cellular components through the action of lysosome as well as supplying energy and compounds for the synthesis of essential biomacromolecules. This process enables cells to survive stress from the external environment like nutrient deprivation. Autophagy is important in the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids as well. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that autophagy is critical in wide range of normal human physiological processes, and defective autophagy is associated with diverse diseases, including lysosomal storage disease, myopathies, neurodegeneration and various metabolic disorders. This review summarizes the most up-to-date findings on what role autophagy plays in metabolism., Z. Papáčková, M. Cahová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

14. Metabolic changes in lipid fractions and carbohydrates in adult Tri-churis globulosa during starvation conditions in vitro

Creator:
Sarwal, S., Sanyal, S.A., and Khera, S.
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
Nemaloda, Trichuris globulo, starvation, lipids, and carbohydrates
Language:
English
Description:
Lipid and glycogen reserves were found to decrease when the adult Trichuris globulosa was to starve by incubation in vitro. Changes in acylglycerols (AG), non-csterified fatty acids (ΝΕΡΆ), cholesterol (Choi), phospholipids (PL) and glycogen were observed. Λ marginal depletion in phospholipids was observed while NEFA, AG, Choi and glycogen were rapidly depleted. Neutral glycolipids (cerebrosidcs) showed no significant change. The adult Trichuris globulosa was able to oxidize absorbed U- C-glucose, (Na)-l-t4C-acetate and (Na)-l-l4C-palmitate to CO2.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

15. Molecular imaging of brain lipid environment of lymphocytes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using magnetic resonance imaging and SECARS microscopy

Creator:
Machtoub, L., Bataveljić, D., and Andjus, P. R.
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, nanočástice, neurodegenerace, lipidy, nanoparticles, neurodegeneration, lipids, USPIO, ALS, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
This paper highlights some of the key technologies of using two innovative molecular imaging modalites, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nonlinear optical microscopy, for imaging intravenously injected ultra small paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles cross linked with antibodies (CLUSPIO) in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosi s (ALS) experimental model in vivo or ex vivo , respectively. Intensive efforts have been made in investigating the causes of abnormalities in lipid metabolism, monitored in some neurodegenerat ive disorders systems. It has been shown that an abnormal accumulation of some common lipids in motor nerve cells may play a critical role in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The presented experiments were performed on brain specimens from the transgenic rat model expressing multiple copies of mutated (G93A) human SOD-1 gene, after CD4+ lymphocytes were magnetically labeled with i.v.i. CLUSPIO antibodies. In vivo MRI revealed marked signal intens ity enhancements in specific pathological regions of the ALS rat brain as compared to the wild type. Surface-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (SECARS) microscopy indicated cellular interactions based on lipids association to anti-CD4 CLUSPIO., L. Machtoub, D. Bataveljić, P. R. Andjus., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

16. Overaccumulation of glycine betaine enhances tolerance of the photosynthetic apparatus to drought and heat stress in wheat

Creator:
Wang, G. P., Li, F., Zhang, J., Zhao, M. R., Hui, Z., and Wang, W.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
botanika, botany, chloroplast ultrastructure, fatty acids, Hill activity, lipids, nonradiative energy, disiipation, oxygen-evolving complex, and thylakoid membrane
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
To investigate the role of glycine betaine in photosynthesis under stress, a transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) line T6 overaccumulating glycine betaine and its wild type Shi4185 were used. Seedlings were exposed to conditions of drought (30%, PEG-6000), heat (40°C) and their combination. The results revealed ultrastructural damage to the chloroplast and thylakoid lamellae with the withered phenotype by both drought and heat stress, and the damage was exacerbated by the combination of drought and heat. The appearance of a K step in the typical O-J-I-P curve and the decrease of Hill activity indicated a reduction of oxygen evolving complex function caused by stress. The greater damage was found in wild type than T6. Overaccumulation of glycine betaine in T6 could protect lipids in the thylakoid membrane from damage and stabilize the index of unsaturated fatty acids under stress. A lower ratio of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol/digalactosyl diacylglycerol and higher phosphatidylglycerol content in the thylakoid membrane of T6 were also observed under stress. These effects can promote stability of the thylakoid membrane. Otherwise, glycine betaine overaccumulation decreased photoinhibition of PSII under stress. The results also suggest that xanthophyll cycle-dependent non-radiative energy dissipation may be involved in the GB-mediated effects on PSII function under stress conditions. and G. P. Wang ... [et al.].
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

17. Photoinhibition in chilling stressed Leguminosae: comparison of Vicia faba and Pisum sativum

Creator:
Lidon, F. C., Ribeiro, G., Santana, H., Marques, H., Correia, K., and Gouveia, S.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
carotenoids, chlorophylls, cytochromes, lipids, photoinhibition, photosystem 2, proteins, quinones, water oxidising complex, and xanthophyll cycle
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
The concentrations of photosynthetic pigments decreased in both chilling stressed species but the ratios of chlorophyll (Chl) a/b and total carotenoids (Car)/Chls were depressed only in faba bean. The contents of α+β carotene and lutein+lutein-5,6-epoxide remained unaffected in both species, but the de-epoxidation state involving the components of xanthophyll cycle increased in pea. Under chilling stress the photosynthetic electron transport associated with photosystem 2, PS2 (with and without the water oxidising complex) decreased in both plant species, the inhibition being higher in faba bean. The intrachloroplast quinone pool also decreased in both stressed species, yet an opposite trend was found for cytochrome b559LP. Under stress an increasing peroxidation of thylakoid acyl lipids was detected in pea, but higher protein/Chl ratio was detected in faba bean. Thus the acceptor side of PS2 is mostly affected in both chilling stressed species, but faba bean is more sensitive. and F. C. Lidon ... [et al.].
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

18. Polymorphisms in the lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase genes and plasma lipid values in the Czech population

Creator:
Hubáček, J. A., Waterworth, D. M., Jan Piťha, Humphries, S. E., Talmud, P. J., and Rudolf Poledne
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, lipidy, polymorfismus, lipids, polymorphism, hepatic lipase, lipoprotein lipase, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
We have determined the genotypes of two common polymorphisms in the lipoprotein lipase (S447X) and hepatic lipase (-480C/T) genes in a cohort of 285 representative selected Czech probands (131 male and 154 female), examined in 1988 and reinvestigated in 1996. The genotype distributions of both polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and did not differ between male and female subjects. The rare allele frequency of the lipoprotein lipase polymorphism did not differ significantly from the other European populations. Compared to the German populations, the frequency of the hepatic lipase -480T allele was significantly higher in the Czech group (20 % vs. 36 %, p<0.0001). There were no significant associations between the lipoprotein lipase gene variants and lipid parameters measured either in 1988, or in 1996 or with changes of lipid parameters over the 8-year period. The carriers of the T-480 allele of the hepatic lipase polymorphism were found to have higher HDL cholesterol levels (p=0.02). However, this difference was confined to female subjects only. The male carriers of the -480T allele had higher concentrations of total cholesterol (p=0.03) as compared to CC-480 subjects. Both associations were observed in 1996 only. In the Slavic Czech population, a common polymorphism in the hepatic lipase gene (-480C/T), but not in the lipoprotein lipase gene (S447X), is a significant determinant of plasma HDL cholesterol in females and plasma total cholesterol in males and indicates the importance of gender-associated effects in the genetic determinations of plasma lipids., J.A. Hubáček, D.M. Waterworth, J. Piťha, S.E. Humphries, P.J. Talmud, R. Poledne., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

19. Pregnancy lipid profile and different lipid patterns of gestational diabetes treated by diet itself

Creator:
Cibickova, Lubica, Langova, Katerina, Schovanek, Jan, Macakova, Dominika, Krystynik, Ondrej, and Karasek, David
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
gestational diabetes, lipids, triglycerides, and pregnancy
Language:
English
Description:
The development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects lipid metabolism during pregnancy. However, the magnitude of changes in lipid parameters is unclear. In addition, the patterns of these changes may vary based on the criteria selected for making the diagnosis of GDM. Thus, our aim was to compare the anthropometric and laboratory profiles of GDM-associated vs. GDM-free gestation with those of healthy non-pregnant women. We designed a cross-sectional study involving a group of females affected by GDM, a group of healthy pregnant controls and a group of healthy non-pregnant counterparts. GDM patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to the fulfilled diagnostic criteria, that is, those presenting with high fasting plasma glucose in the first trimester (subgroup 1), high fasting plasma glucose in the second trimester (subgroup 2) and high plasma glucose following oral glucose load in the second trimester (subgroup 3). The anthropometric and metabolic profiles of GDM subjects resembled the facets of metabolic syndrome (highest body mass index, waist circumference, C-peptide level, triglycerides) significantly more than the respective profiles of healthy non-pregnant women (p<0.0001). While total cholesterol (TC) (together with LDL-C and non-HDL-C) in pregnant women with GDM and without GDM did not differ, both groups had significantly higher levels of triglycerides (TG) than non-pregnant women (p<0.0001). Subgroup 1 had the highest fasting glucose level in the second trimester whereas subgroup 3 had the lowest fasting glucose level (p=0.019). Concentration of TG increased, being the lowest in subgroup 1 and the highest in subgroup 3 (p=0.006). Women with GDM had more pronounced features of metabolic syndrome than pregnant women without GDM. Both groups reached higher levels of TC (LDL-C, non-HDL-C) than non-pregnant controls and did not differ from each other. We found differences in TG and fasting glucose levels among different types of GDM
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

20. Röntgenová reflektometria lipidových membrán

Creator:
Nováková, Eva
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
lipidy, biofyzika, měření, lipids, biophysics, measurement, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Metóda založená na meraní odrazivosti röntgenového žiarenia pri dopade pod malými uhlami na povrch skúmanej vzorky sa stala dôležitým nástrojom v biofyzikálnom výskume. Uplatňuje sa pri skúmaní vlastností tenkých organických vrstiev lipidov, proteínov a iných biopolymérov, surfaktantov atď. V článku je podaný krátky výklad fyzikálnej podstaty tejto metódy a jej aplikácie pri štúdiu štruktúrnych parametrov dvojzložkových membránových modelových systémov líšiacich sa v zložení lipidov a vo fázovom stave., In recent decades, X-ray reflectometry, an experimental technique based on measuring the reflected X-ray intensity from surfaces upon illumination under small angles, became an important tool in biophysical research. It is often used for the investigation and study of properties of thin organic lipid layers, proteins and other biopolymers, surfactants, etc. In the presented article, we introduce the teoretical foundations of this physical method and its applications. In particular, we discuss our recent experimental study of structural parameters of double-compound membrane model systems, which differ in lipid composition and phase state., Eva Nováková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public