Serum levels of adiponectin were measured in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer of pT2 and pT3 stage. Adiponectin ELISA assay, immunohistochemistry, and selected metabolic and biochemical parameters measurement was performed in 25 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 43 with prostate cancer (17 patients with organ-confined and 26 patients with locally advanced disease). Serum adiponectin levels did not differ between prostate benign hyperplasia and cancer clinical stage T2, but was significantly higher in pT3 relative to pT2 group (14.51± 4.92 vs. 21.41±8. 12, P = 0.003). Tissue immunohistochemistry showed enhanced staining in neoplastic prostate glands and intraepithelial neoplasia relative to benign prostatic hyperplasia without distinction between disease grade and stage. Serum adiponectin levels are higher in locally advanced relative to organ-confined prostate cancer and may thus serve as an auxiliary marker providing further improvement for discrimination between pT2 and pT3 stages., D. Housa, Z. Vernerová, J. Heráček, B. Procházka, P. Čechák, J. Kuncová, M. Haluzík., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
This study investigated quantitated expression of dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) and somatostatin receptors of the five types (SSTR1-SSTR5) in a large series of clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas (CNFAs). Co-expression of these receptors in individual adenomas was studied as well as correlation between receptor types. Adenoma tissue from 198 patients who underwent surgery for CNFAs was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR. D2R and SSTR1-3 mRNA was expressed in all 198 adenomas. SSTR4 and SSTR5 were detectable in 85 % and 61 % of adenomas, respectively. Expression of D2R was significantly higher than that of the somatostatin receptors. The median relative expressions were as follows from highest D2R >> SSTR3 > SSTR2 > SSTR1 > SSTR5 > SSTR4. High relative expression (ratio to β-glucuronidase mRNA > 1) of D2R was found in 60 % of tumors, high expression of SSTR1 in 7.5 %, SSTR2 in 7 %, SSTR3 in 4 % and SSTR5 in 0.5 %. The quantity of D2R correlated positively with expression of SSTR2 and SSTR3, and negatively with SSTR1 and SSTR5. Among histological adenoma types, SSTR1 was significantly higher in null-cell adenomas and SSTR3 was lower in silent corticotroph adenomas. In conclusions, in CNFAs, high expression of somatostatin receptors is much less common than that of D2R, and co-expression of both these receptors is exceptional. D2R and SSTR3 seem to be the most promising targets for pharmacological treatment., F. Gabalec, M. Drastikova, T. Cesak, D. Netuka, V. Masopust, J. Machac, J. marek, J. Cap, M. Beranek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We examined the effects of the unilateral heterochronous isotransplantation on the fiber type composition and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform content of unoperated slow soleus and fast extensor digitorum longus muscles of female inbred Lewis strain rats. Comparison was made between “control” unoperated muscles of experimental rats (after intramuscular transplantation surgery) with the corresponding muscles of completely naive (unoperated) rats of three age groups (5-, 8- and 14-month-old). This was done in order to ascertain whether these muscles can be used as reliable controls to the transplanted and host muscles for our ongoing grafting experiments. The fiber type composition was determined by assessing the histochemical reaction for myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase, the MyHC isoform content was determined immunocytochemically using monoclonal antibodies specific to different MyHC isoforms and by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Our experiments show that the heterochronous intramuscular isotransplantation procedure had no significant effect on the fiber type composition and MyHC isoform content of the “control” unoperated muscles of the experimental rats when compared to the corresponding muscles of the naive animals. Furthermore, the duration and type of isotransplantation did not also lead to differences among corresponding “control” muscles of experimental animals. We conclude that the unoperated muscles of the experimental rats can be used as controls in our current transplantation project dealing with long-term grafting experiments., T. Soukup, V. Smerdu, G. Zachařová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Flavonoids, polyphenol derivatives of plant origin, possess a broad range of pharmacological properties. A number of studies have found both pro/anti-apoptotic effects for many of these compounds. For these reasons we investigated whether ProvinolsTM, flavonoids obtained from red wine, have anti-apoptotic properties. The investigations have been carried out in rats treated with Cyclosporine A (CsA). In particular, four groups of rats have been treated for 21 days with either olive oil (control group), with CsA, with ProvinolsTM, or with CsA and ProvinolsTM simultaneously. Oxidative stress, systolic blood pressure, body weight, biochemical parameters and different markers of pro/anti-apoptotic pathway were measured. CsA produced an increase of systolic blood pressure, a decrease in body weight, serum creatinine levels, urinary total protein concentration and creatinine clearance. Moreover, CsA induced renal alterations and the translocation of Bax and cytochrome c from cytoplasm to mitochondria and vice versa. These changes activated the caspase cascade pathway, that leads to morphological and biochemical features of apoptosis. ProvinolsTM restored morphological and biochemical alterations and prevented nephrotoxicity. In conclusion, this study may augment our current understanding of the controversial pro-/anti-apoptotic properties of flavonoids and their molecular mechanisms., R. Rezzani ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury