Stereotypical images are also present in the correspondence of the papal nuncio in Prague Antonio Caetani from the years 1608–1609. It is especially the image of the religious devout Emperor and of the dangerous Protestants. Both stereotypes did not remain constant, however they underwent in the mentioned period an interesting transformation.
This article provides a comparative analysis of the search for a New Europe in the texts of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1850–1937) and Roman Dmowski (1864–1939). Both Masaryk and Dmowski were prominent representatives of the public and political life in their countries at the end of the 19th and in first decades of the 20th centuries. During the First World War they became the leaders of Czechoslovak and Polish politics in West European exile. Their objectives consisted in the (re-)establishment of independent Czechoslovak and Polish states.
The life topic of Hélène Iswolsky (1896–1975), Russian émigré, was her lost homeland, Russia. In her texts, she describes Russia as a profoundly spiritual nation, resisting the communist regime. Raised in a Protestant-Orthodox family, Iswolsky embraced the Catholic faith in 1921, and the Church became her second home. The personal experience of conversion profoundly affected her work: on the level of the interconfessional dialog, she strove for a better understanding between Orthodox and Catholics; on the politico-social level she stood for the creation a of a new system – anticapitalistic, anticommunist, built on the bases of the Christian ethics. The book L'Homme 1936 en Russie soviétique, in which Iswolsky reflects on the situation of the coeval Soviet Union, will be analyzed with regard to the political context of the 1930s. The crucial questions will concern the image of Russia the author presents, and the reception of this image by the French public.
In the post-war years, the German Democratic Republic competed against the Federal Republic of Germany for providing a new beginning in Nazi-Germany. Thus, the ruling Socialist Unity Party started a broad campaign to acknowledge the new order as a prerequisite of Heimat. An emotional regime forms the backdrop to the theory of socialist Heimat, in which the people loves the state, the party and its neighbours. This paper examines the ideology of a socialist Heimat and the emotional regime, which used the political leaders of the country to direct the patriotic feelings of their inhabitants towards socialism. At the end, this essay additionally offers some remarks on the impact of this process and focuses on how Heimat became a special notion in the GDR with particular aspects.
The article aims at introducing the reader to Hus's treatise Enarratio Psalmorum, which offers interpretation of Psalms 109-118. It shortly summarizes the circumstances of the origin and preservation of the treatise, presents the author's sources and shows how he worked with them. The central part of the study focuses on the internal organization of psalm explanation especially on the structure of the commentaries to individual verses. A tripartite scheme (with minor alterations) is typical of Hus's interpretation: thematization of the verse, its elaborate para-phrase and a detailed analysis of expressions that appear in the verse. In conclusion, the paper points out some difficulties connected with the preparation of a critical edition of this text, which will appear as the 17th volume of Hus's Opera omnia series.
This paper looks at the unprompted acceptance of T.G. Masaryk's religious-philosophical ideas by the founders of the Czechoslovak Church (CC) and their attempts to build a progressive national church in the spirit of Masaryk. A special section focuses on the CC's modified Christology, which allowed for the application of Masaryk's synergism to the CC's theology and spirituality. The conclusion explains the historical and political context in which the modern theology of the CC and its state-building, progressive orientation was gradually phased out by the church in the 1950s to be replaced once again by more conservative Christian teachings.
Author in the text presents the diskurs of "Revolting thinking" of the Sixties. This diskurs is based on specific western intelectual environ. Left western intelectuals, inspired by marxism, created new methodological concepts in describing modern west society as existencialism, structuralism, Frankfurt school, engaged sociology or conflict theory. These trends inspired during the time of sixties in 20th century mostly the students, who participated in various demonstrations against the west capitalist regimes and against consumerism.
Intuition and forsight were very important preconditions of the papal nuncios. These features enabled them to act in the spirit of Curia diplomacy without any direct consultations with Rome if the situation required this. However, the nuncios' right or wrong steps could have led to unpleasant consequences, which can be seen on two examples from the Prague nunciature from the turn of the 16th and 17th century.
The study deals with the Role of Iosif of Volokolamsk in the formation of the relationship between church and state at the turn of the 15th and 16th century. Shows that Iosif in his concept of building a Russian society as the orthodox wouldn't give the church of state power. It also emphasises the role of Iosif of Volokolamsk as a monastic reformer.
This paper deals with the class A mandate of the League of Nations, which affected a postwar configuration in the Middle East. It pays attention to a way of making of the system and also demonstrates the final form by treaties between Allied Powers and the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) and by the Mandate for Palestine. It discovers that this system should have originally assisted the new nations to entrench politically in full. However, it also secondarily offers one of the possible views on the origin of the Arab-Israeli problem, which upsets the relation between the west and the Middle East.