Cyprian, an educated Hesychastic-oriented monk, was one of the most important representatives of the Orthodox church in medieval Eastern Europe. All of the measures which he carried out during his time as the Metropolitan of Kiev were aimed at maintaining the unity of the metropolis, covering the whole of Eastern Europe, regardless of political divisions. He used proposals for negotiating a church union to find a solution to the situation which had arisen after the foundation of the Polish-Lithuanian union, which presented the Orthodox church with a new situation. He continued the reforms to the monasteries in the Grand Duchy of Moscow, which helped create the conditions for the development of the Russian autocephalous church. After a critical period in the 1380s, he contributed towards the restoration of the authority of the Russian metropolis and the entire ecclesiastical hierarchy.
Recently, the eminently popular standard quantile regression has been generalized to the multiple-output regression setup by means of directional regression quantiles in two rather interrelated ways. Unfortunately, they lead to complicated optimization problems involving parametric programming, and this may be the main obstacle standing in the way of their wide dissemination. The presented R package modQR is intended to address this issue. It originates as a quite faithful translation of the authors' moQuantile toolbox for Octave and MATLAB, and provides all the necessary computational support for both the directional multiple-output quantile regression methods to the wide statistical public. The article offers a concise summary of the statistical theory behind modQR, overviews the package in brief, points out its departures from moQuantile, comments on its use and performance, and demonstrates its application.
The study deals with the Role of Iosif of Volokolamsk in the formation of the relationship between church and state at the turn of the 15th and 16th century. Shows that Iosif in his concept of building a Russian society as the orthodox wouldn't give the church of state power. It also emphasises the role of Iosif of Volokolamsk as a monastic reformer.
The study deals with the development of relations between the secular and spiritual power in Russia in the 14th century. It examines the "God of peace" and "holy war" in the Russian Orthodox environment.
The study deals with the transformation of the importance of the Ortho[d]ox Faith in Russia's History. Especially while concetrating on the role of monasteries.