Despite the growing number of statistical analyses of life-history data and a long tradition of biographical research, there is often no communication between these two streams of life-course research. It is possible to examine the life course quantitatively through life histories, which may be used to model synthetic biographies in order to reveal patterns in the timing and sequencing of life events, the durations of states between them, and the causal links between them. It is also possible to examine the life course qualitatively through life stories, e.g. biographical narratives, which reflect how persons understand, experience and attach meaning to events and states in their life. Through a quantitative analysis of life-history data we can describe and explain the morphology of particular events in the observed population, while a qualitative analysis of biographical narratives provides insight into people’s decision-making, perceptions of their options, and how they attach meanings to and experience events. This article summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches, explains in which sense they are connected or differentiated from each other, what data and analyses each perspective may utilize, and briefly introduces one type of mixed methods life course research that utilizes the complementarity of both approaches., Hana Hašková a Radka Dudová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Tento článek se zabývá problémem žití (Leben) v Husserlových analýzách vnitřního časového vědomí. To, že se v těchto analýzách motiv života objevuje jenom sporadicky, nijak nesnižuje jeho důležitost. Život se stává problémem s ohledem na svébytné intence souvislosti (Zusammenhangsintentionen). V článku se autor snaží vyjasnit způsob, jakým se tyto intence podílejí na vzájemné konstituci jednoty vnitřního vědomí času a časového vědomí. V závěru studie pak interpretace několika textových pasáží poukazuje na souvislost těchto analýz s dalším Husserlovým myšlenkovým vývojem., The present article deals with the issue of life (Leben) in Husserl’s analyses of the consciousness of internal time. The fact that in these analyses the motif of life appears only sporadically does not diminish its importance. Life becomes an issue with regard to the intentions aimed at the context (Zusammenhangsintentionen). We try to clarify how these intentions participate in the mutual constitution of the unity of consciousness of internal time. In conclusion, we interpret some later texts to provide the reader with an understanding of Husserl’s late analyses of living with regard to the previous analysis of the consciousness of internal time., and Der vorliegende Artikel befasst sich mit dem Problem des Lebens in Husserls Analysen des inneren Zeitbewusstseins. Die Tatsache, dass das Motiv des Lebens in diesen Analysen eher sporadisch auftaucht, tut dessen Wichtigkeit keinen Abbruch. Das Leben wird im Hinblick auf die eigenständigen Zusammenhangsintentionen zu einem Problem. Im Artikel versucht der Autor zu erläutern, wie diese Intentionen an der wechselseitigen Konstitution der Einheit des inneren Zeitbewusstseins und des Zeitbewusstseins beteiligt sind. Zum Abschluss der Studie verweist der Autor in einer Interpretation mehrerer Textpassagen auf den Zusammenhang dieser Analysen mit der weiteren Entwicklung Husserls.
Water resources are usually treated as potential resources, directly exploitable by human population on the Earth. Among them, surface water and groundwater can be effectively managed for operational use. Soil water which belongs to the class of subsurface water represents the major volume of terrestrial water resources. The concept of soil water resources as a water source for biosphere was introduced recently by Budagovsky (1985) and is related to the fact, that the soil water is the most important factor of the existence and development of terrestrial vegetation. As a measure of soil water resources, Budagovsky proposed the evapotranspiration rate from the land surface during the frostless period representing the sum of water evaporation by soil and transpiration from stomata of the leaves of terrestrial plants. The primary importance of soil water is in its role as a source of water for biosphere, for the first stage of trophic chain on the Earth. In this review, the role of soil water in biotic and abiotic cycle on the Earth is discussed. Possible directions of the future study of soil water resources in relation to the environment are proposed. and Za zdroje vody na Zemi sa považujú spravidla tie potenciálne zdroje, ktoré môžu byť využité ľudstvom priamo. Priamo môžu byť využité povrchové a podzemné vody. Najväčší objem vody súše na Zemi je reprezentovaný vodami podpovrchovými. Budagovskij (1985) navrhol koncepciu pôdnych vôd ako zdroja vody pre biosféru; táto koncepcia je založená na skutočnosti, že pôdne vody sú najvýznamnejším zdrojom vody pre suchozemskú vegetáciu. Ako mieru zdrojov pôdnej vody Budagovskij navrhol evapotranspiráciu z pevniny počas bezmrazového obdobia, ako súčet výparu z pôdy a transpirácie cez prieduchy suchozemských rastlín. Najvýznamnejšou úlohou vody v pôde je to, že je zdrojom vody pre biosféru, pre prvú časť trofického reťazca na Zemi. Táto práca pojednáva o úlohe vody v pôde v biotickom a abiotickom cykle na Zemi. Sú naznačené tiež možné smery výskumu zdrojov vody v pôde v kontexte k biosfére.