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18762. Prophete
- Creator:
- Meyerbeer, Giacomo
- Format:
- Type:
- supplement, model:supplement, and TEXT
- Language:
- French
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
18763. Prophylactic inhalation of L-alanyl-L-glutamine enhances heat shock protein 72 and attenuates endotoxin-induced lung injury in rats
- Creator:
- Chuang, I.-C., Huang, M.-S., Huang, L.-J., Chou, S.-H., Tsai, T.-N., Chen, Y.-C., and Yang, R.-C.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, glutamine, heat shock protein 72, acute lung injury, aerosol therapy, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Studies have demonstrated that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) plays an important role in the protection of stressed organisms. The development of strategies for enhancing HSPs expression may provide novel means of minimizing inflammatory lung conditions, such as acute lung injury. This study aimed to examine the effect of L-alanyl-L-glutamine (GLN) inhalation in enhancing pulmonary HSP72 (inducible HSP70) expression and attenuating lung damage in a model of acute lung injury induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation. The experimental rats were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups: (1) NS: saline inhalation; (2) NS-LPS: pretreatment by saline inhalation 12 h before LPS inhalation; (3) GLN: glutamine inhalation; (4) GLN-LPS: pretreatment by glutamine inhalation 12 h before LPS inhalation. The results show that GLN compared with saline administration, led to significant increase in lung HSP72 both in non LPS-treated rats and LPS-treated rats. In LPStreated rats, pretreatment by GLN inhalation produced less lung injury as evidenced by the decrease in lung injury score and dramatic decrease in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and polymorphonuclear leukocyte cell differentiation counts (PMN %) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The study indicates that prophylactic glutamine inhalation associated with the enhancement of HSP72 synthesis attenuates tissue damage in experimental lung injury., I.-C. Chuang, M.-S. Huang, L.-J. Huang, S.-H. Chou, T.-N. Tsai, Y.-C. Chen, R.-C. Yang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
18764. Proporcionalita volebních formulí poměrných systémů
- Creator:
- Lebeda, Tomáš
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- electoral formulas, proportional representation, electoral proportionality, and electoral systems
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The article presents the electoral formulae used in systems of proportional representation and it analyses the degree of proportionality in the division of mandates among political parties. Proportionality is a key factor in determining the political consequences of the formulae used and at the same time it is an indicator of the distortion of party representation. The research the article draws on was based on the Monte Carlo method. Eight indexes of proportionality were used to compare the qualities of electoral formulae. The results of their measurements differed significantly. A more detailed analysis is made of two main approaches to proportionality, represented by the two most important indexes: the Loosemore-Hanby index and the RR index. Using them electoral formulae are classified into two types of scales according to the degree of disproportionality (on a proportionality - disproportionality continuum) and the direction of disproportionality ('to the advantage of small parties - to the advantage of large parties' continuum). These scales relativise some of the conclusions formulated to date in literature in this field. The article also suggests a scale of formulae constructed on the basis of a third, compromise approach, as the weighted average of the Loosemore-Hanby and the RR indexes.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
18765. Proportions of myosin heavy chain mRNAs, protein isoforms and fiber types in the slow and fast skeletal muscles are maintained after alterations of thyroid status in rats
- Creator:
- Tomáš Soukup and Diallo, M.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hormony štítné žlázy, thyroid hormones, muscle gene expresion, MyHC isoforms and muscle fiber types, quantitative real time RT-PCR, SDS-PAGE and 2-D stereological analysis, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Recently, we have established that slow soleus (SOL) and fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of euthyroid (EU) Lewis rats posses the same proportions between their four myosin heavy chain (MyHC) mRNAs , protein isoforms and fiber types as determined by real time RT-PCR, SDS-PAGE and 2-D stereological fiber type analysis, respectively. In the present paper we investigated if these proportions are maintained in adult Lewis rats with hyperthyroid (HT) and hypothyroid (HY) status. Although HT and HY states change MyHC isoform expression, results from all three methods showed that proportion between MyHC mRNA-1, -2a, -2x/d, -2b , protein isoforms MyHC-1, -2a, -2x/d, -2b and to lesser extent also fiber types 1, 2A, 2X/D, 2B were preserved in both SOL and EDL muscles. Furthermore, in the SOL muscle mRNA expression of slow MyHC-1 remained up to three orders higher compared to fast MyHC transcripts, which explains the predominance of MyHC-1 isoform and fiber type 1 even in HT rats. Although HT status led in the SOL to increased expression of MyHC-2a mRNA, MyHC-2a isoform and 2A fibers, it preserved extremely low expression of MyHC-2x and -2b mRNA and protein isoforms, which explains the absence of pure 2X/D and 2B fibers. HY status, on the other hand, almost completely abolished expression of all three fast MyHC mRNAs , MyHC protein isoforms and fast fiber types in the SOL muscle. Our data present evidence that a correlation between mRNA , protein content and fiber type composition found in EU status is also preserved in HT and HY rats., T. Soukup, M. Diallo., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
18766. Propositiones ex universa theologia ad mentem Doctoris angelici ...
- Creator:
- Salicedus, Michael, Hradecká, Dorota, and Faltz, Christianus Augustinus
- Publisher:
- ex officina typographica Dorotheae Hradeczky viduae
- Format:
- print and [10] ff ; 2°
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Hradecká, Dorota and Faltz, Christianus Augustinus
- Language:
- Latin
- Description:
- proposuit D. Christianus Augustinus Faltz
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
18767. Propozice, obrazy a fikční světy
- Creator:
- Petr Koťátko
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, filozofie, philosophy, narrative fiction, sentence-meaning, proposition, image, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The author focuses on the role of propositions and images in the constitution of the fictional world of a narrative literary work. He critically examines Martínez-Bonati's idea of the "alienation" of sentence-meanings in images, based on Husserl's notion of fulfillment (Erfüllung). In particular: 1. He points out that not only expressed propositions, but also other (emotional and style-determining) parameters of sentence-meanings and even failures or disturbances in expressing propositions can participate in generating acts of imagination with mimetic functions. 2. He argues that the notion of fulfillment (as applied to sentence meanings) should be extended so as to include all experiences with mimetic function: visual images should be approached as one of the variety of kinds of (literarily-productive) imaginative fulfillment. 3. He rejects the interpretation of fulfillment as alienation (or dissolution) of meanings in images: among other things, he argues that this would eliminate the communicative scheme within which the interpretation of a text of narrative fiction takes place., Petr Koťátko., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
18768. Propoziční hustota ve výpovědích seniorů
- Creator:
- Štěpánková, Hana, Filip Smolík, Martin Vyhnálek, Tomáš Nikolai, Horáková, Karolína, and Niederlová, Markéta
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Psychologie, psychologie, psycholingvistika, stárnutí, propozice, psycholinguistics, aging, mírná kognitivní porucha, mild cognitive impairment, propositions, 17, and 159.9
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- a1_Cíle. Propoziční hustota (PH), psycholingvistické měřítko, koreluje s kognitivní kapacitou ve starším věku. Tato studie zjišťuje rozdíly v propoziční hustotě v orálních výpovědích na téma z nedávné minulosti u osob zdravých a s mírnou kognitivní poruchou (MKP). MKP je v současnosti přijímána jako prodromální stádium Alzheimerovy nemoci (AN). Soubor. Soubor zahrnoval 33 osob s MKP a 32 zdravých kontrol (průměrný věk 73 let). Obě skupiny byly vyrovnané, a to co do věku a úrovně dosaženého vzdělání. Dle očekávání se lišily v skóru MMSE, který je považován za zjednodušené vyjádření úrovně kognitivního stavu. Hypotézy. Nižší PH byla očekávána u osob s MKP, neboť úkol zatěžoval vybavení z novopaměti. Přičemž obtíž se zapamatováním nových informací, a tedy i vybavením z novopaměti, je jedním z jádrových symptomů AN., a2_Analýza a výsledky. Průměrná propoziční hustota u pacientů s MKP činila 48,74 % (sm. odch. 5,78), u kontrolního vzorku seniorů bez kognitivních poruch to bylo 53,06 % (sm. odch. 4,56). Studentův t-test prokázal statisticky významný rozdíl mezi skupinami (p < 0,001). Cohenovo d 0,83 reprezentuje velký efekt příslušnosti ke skupině. Omezení. Nejpodstatnějším omezením této studie je heterogenita diagnostické jednotky MKP. Dalším omezením byla neznalost premorbidní kognitivní úrovně zdravých kontrol, proto je možné, že v kontrolní skupině byly osoby s již počínající kognitivní poruchou, jež byla při jednorázovém vyšetření nezachytitelná., b1_Objectives. It has been shown that propositional density (PD), which roughly corresponds to the number of ideas expressed in a text of given length, is related to cognitive performance in the older age. The present study investigated differences in propositional density in oral language production between healthy seniors and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MCI is generally accepted as a prodromal stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Sample and setting. The sample included 33 MCI persons and 32 healthy controls (mean age 73 years). The groups were equivalent as for the age and education. As expected, there was a significant difference between Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores between the groups, with MMSE being a simplified measure of their cognitive status. Hypotheses. Lower PD was expected in MCI persons, as the task required recent past recall which is considered one of the early deficiencies in early AD and MCI due to AD., b2_Statistical analysis. Mean PD across groups was compared using the independent samples t-test. Results. Mean propositional density in MCI persons was 48,74% (SD 5,78), and in healthy controls 53,06% (SD 4,56). The difference was statistically significant (p<0,001). Cohen’s d 0,83 represents a large effect size for the group difference. Study limitations. The main limitation is the heterogeneity of the MCI group. Also, the detailed cognitive status of the healthy controls is unknown. Thus the group could include persons with some cognitive impairment which has not been detected yet., Hana Štěpánková, Filip Smolík, Martin Vyhnálek, Tomáš Nikolai, Karolína Horáková, Markéta Niederlová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
18769. Prosincová návštěva Samoila Micheleviče Bilenkého v Praze
- Creator:
- Hošek, Jiří
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Bilen'kij, Samoil Michelevič, 1928-, fyzika elementárních částic, fyzici, elementary particle physics, physicists, Rusko, Russia, 6, and 539
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Čtvrtého prosince minulého roku se pražská obec částicových fyziků sešla v hojném počtu v budově Presidia Akademie věd ČR na Národní třídě, aby se účastnila setkání s významným ruským teoretikem Samoilem Michelevičem Bilenkým. Samoil Bilenki na něm převzal stříbrnou medaili prvního stupně České fyzikální společnosti. Je oceněním jeho obrovských zásluh o celosvětový rozvoj neutrinové fyziky, ale i jeho lidského a vědeckého podílu na rozvoji fyziky v Československu. Jen málokdo si také chtěl nechat ujít ohlášenou přednášku předního světového odborníka v "horké" problematice neutrin či neformální popovídání s vzácným přítelem a váženým kolegou. Iniciátoři setkání věří, že krátké představení člověka a vědce Samoila M. Bilenkého širokému okruhu čtenářů tohoto časopisu bude i sdělnou propagací teoretické fyziky obecně a neutrinové fyziky obzvlášť., Jiří Hošek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
18770. Proslov Alberta Ferta na banketu při udělení Nobelovy ceny: Nobelova cena za fyziku pro rok 2007
- Creator:
- Fert, Albert and Svoboda, Pavel
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fert, Albert, 1938-, Nobelova cena (ocenění), fyzika, nositelé cen a vyznamenání, Nobel Prizes, physics, laureates, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Albert Fert ; přeložil Pavel Svoboda.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public