This review, which summarizes our findings concerning the long-term effects of pre-, peri- and postnatal factors affecting development, nociception and sensorimotor functions, focuses on three areas: 1) perinatal factors influencing nociception in adult rats were examined in rats with hippocampal lesions, after the administration of stress influencing and psychostimulant drugs (dexamethasone, indomethacine and methamphetamine); 2) the effect of pre- and early postnatal methamphetamine administration was shown to impair the development of sensorimotor functions tested in rat pups throughout the preweaning period; 3) the effect of extensive dorsal rhizotomy of the brachial plexus during the early postnatal period was studied with respect to neuropathic pain development and sensorimotor functions. The present study indicates that prenatal or neonatal stress, as well as various drugs, may disturb the development of the nociceptive system and cause long-term behavioral changes persisting to adulthood and that some types of neuropathic pain cannot be induced during the first two postnatal weeks at all. A mature nervous system is required for the development of the described pathological behaviors., R. Rokyta, A. Yamamotová, R. Šlamberová, M. Franěk, Š. Vaculín, L. Hrubá, B. Schutová, M. Pometlová., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
In modern societies, living organisms are exposed daily to multiform pollution from industrial chemical products. Some of these substances have been shown to affect the endocrine system, and have been termed endocrine disruptors (EDs). Bisphenol A (BPA), which can leach from plastics, and parabens, used in cosmetic products, are among the most well-studied. Prenatal development is a vulnerable phase of human life, and disruptions during this period may have lifelong consequences. Since EDs are known to cross the placental barrier and BPA may accumulate in the fetus, "BPA-free" products have been introduced to the market. However, such products often contain alternative bisphenols (e.g. BPS, BPF) that have not yet been extensively examined or regulated. Moreover, alternative bisphenols often occur together with BPA. The human organism is thus exposed to a mixture of EDs, some of which can have additive or synergic effects. Recent findings have also shown that paraben exposure can alter bisphenol pharmacokinetics. Taking into account the widespread occurrence of various EDs and the potential multiplicity of their effects, doses of EDs currently considered safe may not actually be as safe as they appear, especially during pregnancy., L. Kolatorova, M. Duskova, J. Vitku, L. Starka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Since close relationship was shown between drug addiction and memory formation, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of interaction between prenatal methamphetamine (MA) exposure and MA treatment in adulthood on spatial and non-spatial memory and on the structure of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the hippocampus. Adult male rats prenatally exposed to MA (5 mg/kg) or saline were tested in adulthood. Non-spatial memory was examined in the Object Recognition Test (ORT) and spatial memory in the Object Location Test (OLT) and in the Memory Retention Test (MRT) conducted in the Morris Water Maze (MWM), respectively. Based on the type of the memory test animals were injected either acutely (ORT, OLT) or long-term (MWM) with MA (1 mg/kg). After each testing, animals were sacrificed and brains were removed. The hippocampus was then examined in Western Blot analysis for occurrence of different NMDA receptors’ subtypes. Our results demonstrated that prenatal MA exposure affects the development of the NMDA receptors in the hippocampus that might correspond with improvement of spatial memory tested in adulthood in the MWM. On the other hand, the effect of prenatal MA exposure on nonspatial memory examined in the ORT was the opposite. In addition, we showed that the effect of MA administration in adulthood on NMDA receptors is influenced by prenatal MA exposure, which seems to correlate with the spatial memory examined in the OLT., R. Šlamberová, M. Vrajová, B. Schutová, M. Mertlová, E. Macúchová, K. Nohejlová, L. Hrubá, J. Puskarčíková, V. bubeníková-Valešová, A. Yamamotová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Ischemická choroba srdeční ICHS je nejčastějším závažným onemocněním postihujícím obyvatelstvo vyspělých zemí. ICHS způsobuje nejen vysokou nemocnost, ale i vysokou invaliditu a je příčinou 40 % všech úmrtí ve vyspělých zemích. ICHS je klinický projev aterosklerózy koronárních tepen. Usazující se aterosklerotické pláty v koronárním řečišti jsou příčinou sníženého průtoku krve v myokardu. Srdeční sval trpí nedokrevností - ischemií. Klinickým projevem ischemie myokardu je bolest na hrudi - angina pectoris. V současnosti je jednou z mnoha chirurgických metod léčení ICHS i transmyokardiální laserová revaskularizace TMLR. Principem této metody je pomocí ekvivalentních laserových impulsů vytvořit v oblasti levé síně kanálky, jež by obnovily přísun krve do postižené srdeční tkáně., Jaroslav Huynh., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Babesia caballi (Nuttal, 1910) is one of the causative agents of equine piroplasmosis which causes economic losses to horse industry in China. There is an urgent need for rapid detection method for B. caballi infection in Xinjiang Province, China. To prepare monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Bc48 gene of B. caballi (Xinjiang local strains) and establish colloidal gold-immunochromatographic (ICT) assay for diagnosis of the disease, recombinant Bc48 was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli. With purified Bc48 as immunogen in mice, three hybridoma cells named 11F4, 1H2 and 7F4 secreting mAbs against Bc48 of B. caballi were obtained, which showed strong reaction with recombinant Bc48 and Bc48 gene transfected cells. Furthermore, colloidal gold labelled ICT assay based on purified Bc48 recombinant antigen and its mAb was developed. The ICT assay showed high sensitivity and specificity and no cross-reaction with Theileria equi (Laveran, 1901). Total of 56 horse serum samples collected from Xinjiang were tested by ICT and compared with the detection by commercial ELISA kit. The results showed that 32 out of 56 serum samples were positive by ICT and 33 were positive by ELISA. ICT assay had high coincidence (98%) to the reference ELISA kit. mAbs and ICT developed in this study could be provided as an efficient diagnosis tool for infection with B. caballi in horse in Xinjiang area., Panju Wang, Jingjing Song, Ruiqi Song, Mengyuan Zhang, Lijiang Wu, Fangxin Li, Yan Yan, Jiyong Zhou, Bayin Chahan, Min Liao., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Monodisperse macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) microspheres were used as a template for preparing porous silica particles. The starting polymer microspheres that were 9.3 μm in size were synthesized by multistep swelling polymerization using a modified Ugelstad technique. Subsequently, silica (SiO2) was deposited on the surface and inside the PGMA microspheres to produce poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-silica hybrid particles (PGMA-SiO2). Upon calcination of the PGMA-SiO2 microspheres, porous silica particles were formed. The morphology, particle size, polydispersity and inner structure of the silica microspheres were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic adsorption of nitrogen determined the amount of silica formed and its specific surface area. Compared with the starting PGMA microspheres, the size of the porous silica particles decreased by up to 30%. These porous silica microspheres are promising for chromotography and biomedical applications., S. Grama, D. Horák., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The genera Preptetos Pritchard, 1960 and Neopreptetos Machida, 1982 are redefined. The following species are described and/or recorded from marine fishes. From the Great Barrier Reef: Preptetos caballeroi Pritchard, 1960 in Naso annula-tus, N. brevirnslris and N. vlamingii·, P. xesuri (Yamaguti, 1940) in Zebrasoma veliferum and Z. scopas; Preptetos cannoni Barker, Bray et Cribb, 1993 in Siganus dolialus and S. fuscescens', Preptetos laguncula sp. n. in Naso unicornis (type-host); P. impar sp. n. in Lutjanus erythropterus (type-host) and L. malabaricus·, Neopreptetos arusettae Machida, 1982 in Pomacanthus semicirculatus·, and N. kurochkini (Toman, 1989) in Chaetodontoplus meredithi. From southwestern Australia: Preptetos rotto sp. n. in Nelusetta ayraudi (type-host), Neosebastes pandus, Oplegnathus woodwardi and Pagrus auratus. The new combination Preptetos trulla (Linton, 1907) (originally Distomum then Lepocreadium) is made and the species Lepocreadium areolatum (Linton, 1900) is considered likely to belong in Preptetos.