Článek se zabývá přechylováním španělských životných substantiv. Na základě jazykového materiálu z korpusu CREA nejprve mapuje současný úzus a z něj pak vyvozuje některé tendence. Ukazuje se, že se v rodovém systému posilují flexivní rysy na úkor izolačních a že ubývá substantiv, která vyjadřují rod jinak než sufixálně, U některých substantiv během 25 let existence korpusu původně neexistující sufixálně přechýlená forma postupně zcela vytlačila ncpřechýlenou variantu. Tendence k sufixálnímu přechylování je posilována faktory vnějšími (vědomý tlak společnosti, kodifikovaná norma) i vnitřními: vyjadřování rodu determinanty je v systému považováno za nedostatečné, navíc v mnoha kontextech se determinant nevyskytuje nebo je příliš vzdálen od svého substantiva.
The article offers a comparison of the development of institutions of care for children under the age of three in France and in the Czech Republic. It explains the differences in the forms of institutions, policies and the level of state support using a comparative analysis of the discourses of childcare that have existed in the two countries since the end of the Second World War. Expert discourses in particular were found to have an important role in the development of institutions and policies: psychological discursive framings had a strong influence on the public discourse, political decisions and the resulting form of institutions. While in France mainly empirically‑oriented psychologists and pedagogues entered the debate, in Czechoslovakia/the Czech Republic the discursive arena was dominated by clinical psychologists and paediatricians. Other influential factors were identified, such as the economic situation, political actors, social movements; and sequencing of events; but the expert discourse was proved to be crucial for the understanding of the divergent development of childcare institutions in the two countries., Radka Dudová, Hana Hašková., Obsahuje bibliografii, and Anglické resumé
In the stylization of spontaneous, non-prepared spoken expression in contemporary literary texts (including prose, drama, and even comics), one of the most striking syntactic elements to emerge is the one-syllable word (se, si, sem, sme, ste, mě, mi, tě, ti, bych, by…) at the beginning of an utterance or turn. Sgall and Hronek (1992) call these words enclitics or proclitics, though according to J. Toman (2002) or A. Svoboda (2002) they are not clitics. However, all of these authors consider them to be the result of word-order inversion (Se mu to nepovedlo = ''Nepovedlo se mu to'') or of processes of ellipsis (Bych si taky myslel = ''To bych si taky myslel''). Yet there are likely also other motivations, e.g. phonetic ones related to the specific techniques of spoken expression. This type is common in our research, for example, in the communication of young people engaging in internet chat, i.e. in written texts strongly influenced by spoken expression. With the help of corpora of spoken Czech and literary texts from the Czech National Corpus (SYN2000, SYN2005, SYN2010), the authors found that these one-syllable beginnings of utterances or turns are a striking and non-detachable sign of contemporary colloquial Czech, of authentic Czech dialogues - and thus not merely a myth heavily sustained by Czech authors of literary texts, who make efforts to stylize casual expression.