This article deals with the literary and publishing activity of Dmitry Sverchkov, a member of the Executive Committee of the Petersburg Soviet of Workers' Deputies, 1905. It is connected with his memory of the creation, activity and termination of the Soviet. Based on archival documents and the published works, it is shown that during the period after the revolutionary events of 1917, Sverchkov sought to keep the memory of the Soviet in works of prose and in cinema. The plots of his script "October Revolution 1905 and the first St. Peterburg's Soviet of Workers' Deputies" (1924) and his play "But Are Not Defeated!" (1931) are analyzed. The most important point is that the writer shows the people as participants of the revolutionary events in 1905. The article is also based on shorthand reports of Sverckov's speeches at The Vseroskomdram's Plenums. and Статья посвящена литературной и публицистической деятельности Дмитрия Сверчкова, члена исполнительного комитета Петербургского Совета рабочих депутатов 1905 г. Эта деятельность связана с его памятью о создании, деятельности и поражении Совета. На основе архивных документов и опубликованных работ показывается, что в течение периода, последовавшего за революционными событиями 1917 г., Сверчков стремился сохранить память о Совете посредством прозаических произведений и в кинематографе. Анализируются сюжеты его киносценария "Октябрьская революция 1905 года и первый Санкт-Петербургский Совет рабочих депутатов" (1924 г.) и его пьеса "Но не побеждены!" (1931 г.). Наиболее важным в данном случае представляется то, что писатель показывает народ как участника революционных событий 1905 г. Кроме того, статья написана с привлечением стенографических отчётов речей Д. Ф. Сверчкова на Пленуме Всероскомдрама.
Článek pojednává o takzvané Zotavovací akci - Odkazu Reinharda Heydricha (Erholungsaktion - Vermächtnis Reinhard Heydrich), v jejímž rámci desetitisíce dělníků Protektorátu Čechy a Morava měly možnost v letech 1943 a 1944 využít dovolené k týdenním bezplatným rekreačním pobytům v ozdravovnách, lázeňských zařízeních a podobných objektech v různých atraktivních lokalitách na území protektorátu. Akce byla pojmenována po zastupujícím říšského protektora Reinhardu Heydrichovi, který okázale zdůrazňoval svůj zájem na zajištění dobrých sociálních podmínek českého dělnictva a krátce před svou smrtí v důsledku atentátu inicioval první takovéto ozdravné pobyty. Autor zasazuje téma do kontextu vývoje odborového hnutí po vzniku německého protektorátu a snah o ozdravnou péči o mládež v době první republiky a uvádí, že až Národní odborová ústředna zaměstnanecká (NOÚZ) jako jednotná odborová organizace v protektorátu získala dostatečné materiální prostředky, aby mohla pořádat tak náročnou akci. Dále autor přibližuje organizaci celé akce, její slavnostní aranžmá a typický průběh. Zdůrazňuje přitom, že i když její význam byl výsostně propagandistický, scénář akce počítal hlavně s kulturním, sportovním, turistickým a společenským vyžitím rekreantů a dával přednost nepřímému ideologickému působení; výchovný aspekt byl poněkud posílen v roce 1944. Značnou pozornost věnuje autor ohlasům Zotavovací akce z řad jejích účastníků. Na jejich veskrze pozitivním vyznění se sice nepochybně podepsala oficiální režie a kontrola, je však třeba připustit, že mohly vyjadřovat také autentické dojmy prostých lidí, kteří se poprvé v životě setkali s takto soustředěnou péčí, prezentovanou jako odměna za jejich poctivou práci., a1_This article is a discussion of ‘Operation Recreation: The Legacy of Reinhard Heydrich’ (Erholungsaktion - Vermächtnis Reinhard Heydrich), in which tens of thousands of workers in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in 1943 and 1944 were given an opportunity to use their vacation for a paid week’s stay in convalescent homes, spas, and similar institutions in attractive places throughout the Protectorate. The operation was named after Acting Reich-Protector Reinhard Heydrich (1904-1942), who ostentatiously emphasized his interest in ensuring good social conditions for the Czech working classes, and, shortly before his death in consequence of an assassination attempt, he initiated the first such convalescent stays. The author puts the topic into the context of the development of the trade-union movement after the establishment of the Protectorate and, before that, of efforts at health care for young people during the first Czechoslovak Republic. And he explains how only the newly established National Trade-union Headquarters (Národní odborová ústředna zaměstnanecká - NOÚZ), as the united trade-union organization in the Protectorate, was able to obtain enough finances to run such a demanding operation. The author then describes the organization of the whole operation, its ceremonial launching, and the course it took. He emphasizes that even though the importance of the operation was mostly as propaganda, it achieved this aim chiefly by showing the holidaymakers enjoying the arts, sports, tourism, and social events, while it kept the ideology in the background; the indoctrination aspect was somewhat intensified in 1944. The author devotes considerable attention to the reactions to Operation Recreation from the ranks of those who participated in it. Although the utterly positive response it met with was doubtless because of its having been managed and supervised by the autho, a2_Although the utterly positive response it met with was doubtless because of its having been managed and supervised by the authorities, one must admit that this could also be a reflection of the genuine impressions of simple people who had for the first time in their lives met with such concentrated care, which had been presented as a reward for their honest work., Jiří Pokorný., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The article examines the Catholic answer to modern challenges such as industrialization, urban sprawl and the accelerated growth of the working class based on the case study of Krompachy workers revolt in 1921. From this point the study analyses the development and limits of Social Catholicism on the former territory of Austro-Hungarian monarchy at the end of 19th and beginning of 20th century. The Social Catholicism, which is seen primarily as a collective social practice present in society in various forms, offers the possibilities to better understanding of multi-layered relationship between Catholic Church and modern society. The study investigates the adaptation process of Social Catholic movement and creation of the network of social catholic associations and trade unions. Based on Krompachy's case as well as on the Social Catholic activities among workers. Text draws attention to possible limits and weaknesses of the secularization approach.
The present paper deals with the Brno Social Study, a rather extraordinary questionnaire survey given its extent and time (1947). Data analysis was forestalled by the political transformation after 1948, but the questionnaires were preserved. We have inherited a unique set of data for a historical-sociological analysis focusing both on the population of industry workers and on the social structure of Czech society in the advent of the communist coup. The Brno Social Study is contextualized in the state of post-war sociology, and the avenues toward its inception and implementation are mapped. The central part of the paper analyses the survey data from a contemporary analytical perspective, discussing the dataset’s representativeness. The primary objective of the paper is to propose, and initiate scholarly debate about, a feasible methodology for analysing the archived data today. The methodology serves to construct a representative sample through a combination of purposive, quota and random sampling; to determine the respondents’ socio-economic status using both ISCO and an original conceptualization of working class status; and to present certain data on respondents’ lifestyles that might be of interest for future analyses., Dušan Janák, Martin Stanoev a Petr Hušek., and Obsahuje bibliografii