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2. K současným hodnotám vesnického prostředí moravského Záhoří
- Creator:
- Bryol, Radek
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Moravian Záhoří, rural environment, landscape, vernacular architecture, and urbanism
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- In the submitted reflection essay, I contemplate the rural environment in the region of Moravian Záhoří from the point of view of an ethnologist. The significant value of this regions concerns the landscape character of this agricultural region in a low hilly area adjacent to the western Carpathians and only rarely disturbed by modern industrial elements. The natural communication network with a plethora of small sacral monuments interconnects the individual villages, which have not undergone an essential development. If new residential districts are built at the outskirts of the villages, at least the village core preserves some traditional values. In most locations in the region we can perceive the surviving urbanism of village greens and neighbouring farmsteads which have kept their volume corresponding to the first half of the 20th century. The farmsteads built from fired materials in large dimensions suffice without significant changes even today and they even exceed spatial demands in some cases. Therefore some parts of houses remain lifeless whereby the use of farm wings and buildings themselves seems to be a big problem. We encounter surviving architectural details of facades only in a few cases because these were wiped by younger reconstructions, or covered by modern layers. In spite of all modernization steps which were made during the 20th century and which continue at present as well, we can consider the region of Moravian Záhoří to be an exceptional region with preserved landscape and urban elements, which would be worthy a bigger tourist but especially professional interest of different disciplines. The primary precondition in this context is to find a relation to positive values surviving from the past on the side of inhabitants and representatives of particular villages.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3. Krajinné souvislosti - prostor pro multidisciplinární výuku?
- Creator:
- Tomáš Kučera and Erika Smrtová
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Životní prostředí a jeho ochrana, krajina, studium a výuka, předmětová didaktika, environmentální výchova a vzdělávání, landscape, study and teaching, teaching school subjects, environmental education, multidisciplinární výuka, 2, and 502
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Tomáš Kučera, Erika Smrtová.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4. Krajinný motiv na lidovém malovaném nábytku
- Creator:
- Mácha, Přemysl and Krtička, Luděk
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- landscape, folk art, folk furniture, and historical ethnology
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The article examines the possibility of using landscape motifs on folk furniture as a source for understanding the perception of landscape in Czech countryside in 1700s and 1800s. First, a brief overview of folk furniture is provided as a framework for understanding the importance and character of landscape paintings.Second, a detailed analysis of different landscape painting types and their regional differentiation is given. And finally, a critical reflection of the presented material regarding its potential use as a historical source for understanding landscape perception is offered. In conclusion, it is argued that folk furniture may be a useful source for historical studies but the landscape painting itself has severe limitations for the reconstruction of past landscapes.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
5. Krajiny antropologie a antropologie krajiny
- Creator:
- Mácha, Přemysl
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- landscape, identity, anthropology of landscape, and anthropology of space and place
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- While anthropologists have always studied spatial aspects of cultural practices, space, place and landscape were rarely the central topics of their research and writing. Space was considered as passive, secondary background to cultural processes rather than their integral component, shaping force and product. It may be argued that for a long time space was not taken sufficiently seriously as to inform thoroughly ethnographic research and theoretical debates about culture. This has changed and a new anthropology of space, place and landscape is forming, drawing inspiration from cultural geography’s advanced conceptualizations of space while retaining anthropology’s special interest in cultural processes and the evolution and dynamics of human behavior. Of the three widely used spatial concepts – space, place, and landscape – it is the last one that has turned out to be the most difficult to define and apply in systematic research. In this article we offer some suggestions about the possible ways of conceptualizing landscape in anthropology in order to make this concept of a real research value and theoretical utility.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
6. Landscape parameters explain the distribution and abundance of Episyrphus balteatus (Diptera: Syrphidae)
- Creator:
- Sarthou, Jena-Pierre, Ouin, Annie, Arrignon, Florent, Barreau, Gael, and Bernard
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Syrphidae, Episyrphus balteatus, distribution, abundance, seasons, forest edges, and landscape
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We studied the importance of forest structure (shape, edge length and orientation) and the crop mosaic (percentage of crops in the total land cover, within 100 and 2000 m from the forests) to the dynamics of an aphidophagous hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus. Adults were collected by Malaise traps located within and on the south- and north-facing edges of 54 forests. In winter, E. balteatus was only found on south-facing edges because of the greater insolation and temperature. In summer, it was more abundant on north-facing edges because of the abundant presence of flowers. In spring, more adults were found on long and south-facing edges than on northern edges. The presence of shrubs within 2000 m also positively affected abundance. In autumn, abundance was positively associated with length of the north-facing edge and forest shape. Emergence traps revealed that in southern France, E. balteatus may overwinter in the larval or puparial stage in forest edges. Overwintering was earlier reported only in adults. Landscape structure, length of forest edges and probably presence of shrub fallows, influence abundance of Episyrphus balteatus.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7. Landscape structure affects activity density, body size and fecundity of Pardosa wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) in winter oilseed rape
- Creator:
- Drapela, Thomas, Frank, Thomas, Heer, Xaver, Moser, Dietmar, and Zaller, Johann G.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, agroecology, Araneae, Lycosidae, Pardosa agrestis, generalist predator, Brassica napus, oilseed rape, landscape, multiple spatial scales, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In large parts of Europe Pardosa spp. (Lycosidae) are among the most abundant wolf spiders in arable fields and potentially important natural control agents of pests. We studied the influence of landscape factors on activity density, adult body size and fecundity of P. agrestis in 29 winter oilseed rape fields (Brassica napus L.) in Eastern Austria using pitfall traps. Landscape data were obtained for eight circular landscape sections around each field (radii 250-2000 m). Multivariate regression models were used to analyze the data. Activity density was highest when the length of strips of grassy road-sides in the surroundings was highest and distance to the next grassy fallow lowest. Body size was negatively related to activity density and to the length of road-side strips and positively to woody areas in the vicinity of the fields. Clutch size was unrelated to any of the landscape factors tested but was positively correlated with female body size. Woody areas and grassy fallow in the close vicinity of the fields had a positive influence on number of offspring per female and total number of offspring. These results indicate that various non-crop components in the landscape surrounding oilseed rape fields can specifically influence the activity density and fitness-related traits of P. agrestis in crops. The possible role of Pardosa spp. in natural pest control is discussed. and Thomas Drapela, Thomas Frank, Xaver Heer, Dietmar Moser, Johann G. Zaller.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8. Measuring and modelling the dispersal of Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in alfalfa fields
- Creator:
- van der Werf, Wopke , Evans, Edward W., and Powell, James
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- biological control, Coccinella septempunctata, sevenspotted lady beetle, Coccinellidae, dispersal, immigration, landscape, mark-recapture, modelling, space, Utah, alfalfa, sugar-spraying, and volatiles
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Dispersal of the sevenspotted lady beetle, Coccinella septempunctata, was measured in a series of mark-release-recapture experiments in Utah alfalfa. In three experiments, samples were taken in a radial pattern around the release point. Released beetles for the most part left the 0.36 ha (68 m diameter) sample area within 24 hours, and their average residence time in the sample area was calculated as 12, 6 and 1.6 h in the three experiments, respectively. The spatial distribution of beetles around the point of release could be described with normal distributions whose variance increased linearly in time with 3.8, 1.1 and 0.34 m2 per hour. In three additional field experiments the departure of marked beetles was compared between sugar-sprayed plots and control plots. Residence time was 20-30% longer in sugar-sprayed plots than in control plots, with mean residences of 5.3, 3.6, and 2.9 h in the sugar-sprayed plots in the three experiments, respectively, and means of 4.4, 2.7, and 2.4 h in the control plots. The density of unmarked beetles rose by a factor of 10-20 in the sugar sprayed plots during the first 4 to 6 hours following early morning spraying of sugar. This rapid and substantial increase in density cannot be explained by the slightly longer residence time in sugar-sprayed plots. We hypothesize that the aggregation in sugar-sprayed plots is mostly due to greatly increased immigration into those plots, in response to volatiles produced by the plant-pest-predator assembly.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
9. Mezi pravěkem a industriálem: několik poznámek k antropologii krajiny
- Creator:
- Gibas, Petr and Pauknerová, Karolína
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- anthropology of landscape, industrial landscape, landscape, and prehistoric landscape
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The conceptual debate on recently quite a fashionable topic of landscape is, at least within Czech academia, deeply influenced by the concepts and imagery of natural sciences. In this article, we advocate an alternative concept of landscape, that developed by anthropology of landscape. We understand landscape to be a widely conceived "way of seeing", way of grasping, experiencing and understanding the world, rather than simply a piece of reality out there. In the first part of the paper we present, how anthropology of landscape theorize its subject. In the second we offer two applied examples – analyses of prehistoric and (post)industrial landscape. The main aim of the article is to balance otherwise natural science driven debate about landscape and to return to the concept of landscape what it lacks – human experience.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
10. Na krajinu s kompaktem?: fotografujeme vegetaci a krajinu digitálně
- Creator:
- Tomáš Kučera
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biologické vědy, vegetace, krajina, krajinářská fotografie, vědecká fotografie, fotografování, digitální fotografie, vegetation, landscape photography, landscape, scientific photography, photography, digital photography, fotografie přírody, fotografie vegetace, 2, and 57/59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Dokumentační fotografie vegetace a krajiny má specifické požadavky na prosvětlené snímky zachycující detailní kresbu tvarů listů a přesné barvy květů. V digitální fotografii dlouhou dobu chyběly kvalitní fotoaparáty kompaktních rozměrů, které byly navíc velmi drahé. Naštěstí rychlý vývoj technologií přinesl takové možnosti snímání, které jsou prakticky už na úrovni tradičních fotopřístrojů středního formátu., Vegetation and landscape documentation photography have special requirements for clear pictures with details of leaf shapes and flower colors. Hence for a long time in digital photography there was a lack of high quality compact cameras, which in any case were very expensive. Fortunately, rapid technological developments have provided options comparable with the middle-format cameras of the past., and Tomáš Kučera.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public