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2. Modulation of substance P signaling by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV enzymatic activity in human glioma cell lines

Creator:
Petr Bušek, Jarmila Stremeňová, Evžen Křepela, and Aleksi Šedo
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, fyziologie, gliomy, vápník, physiology, gliomas, calcium, dipeptidyl peptidase, substance P, NK1 receptor, calcium signaling, 2, and 577
Language:
English
Description:
Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV, CD26) is a serine protease almost ubiquitously expressed on cell surface and present in body fluids. DPP-IV has been suggested to proteolytically modify a number of biologically active peptides including substance P (SP) and the chemokine stro mal cell derived factor-1α (SDF-1α, CXCL12). SP and SDF-1α have been implicated in the regulation of multiple biological processes and also induce responses that may be relevant for glioma progression. Both SP and SDF-1α are signaling through cell surface receptors and use intracellular calcium as a second messenger. The effect of DPP-IV on intracellular calcium mobilization mediated by SP and SDF- α was monitored in suspension of wild type U373 and DPP-IV transfected U373DPPIV glioma cells using indicator FURA-2. Nanomolar concentrations of SP triggered a transient dose dependent increase in intracellular calcium rendering the cells refractory to repeated stimulation, while SDF-1α had no measurable effect. SP signaling in DPP-IV overexpressing U373DPPIV cells was not substantially different from that in wild type cells. However, preincubation of SP with the DPP-IV overexpressing cells lead to the loss of its signaling potential, which could be prevented with DPP-IV inhibitors. Taken together, DPP-IV may proteolytically inactivate local mediators involved in gliomagenesis., P. Bušek, J, Stremeňová, E. Křepela, A. Šedo., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3. Neurobiological aspects of depressive disorder and antidepressant treatment: role of glia

Creator:
Marek Páv, Hana Kovářů, Anežka Fišerová, Eva Havrdová, and Věra Lisá
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, psychiatrie, biochemie, deprese, nálada, antidepresiva, stres (psychologie), gliomy, imunitní systém, signální transdukce, psychiatry, biochemistry, depression, mood (psychology), antidepressants, stress (psychology), gliomas, immune system, signal transduction, hippocampus, neurogenesis, astrocyte, natural killer cells, guanine-binding proteins, G proteins, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Depression is a complex disorder related to chronic inflammatory processes, chronic stress changes and a hippocampal response. There is a increasing knowledge about the role of glial cells in nutrient supply to neurons, maintenance of synaptic contacts and tissue homeostasis within the CNS. Glial cells, viewed in the past as passive elements with a limited influence on neuronal function, are becoming recognized as active partners of neurons and are starting to be discussed as a possible therapeutic target. Their role in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders is also being reconsidered. Attention is devoted to studies of the different types of antidepressants and their effects on transmembrane signaling, including levels of α subunits of G proteins in C6 glioma cells in vitro as a model of postsynaptic changes in vivo. These models indicate similarities in antidepressant effects on G proteins of brain cells and effector cells of natural immunity, natural killers and granulocytes. Thus, an antidepressant response can exhibit certain common characteristics in functionally different systems which also participate in disease pathogenesis. There are, however, differences in the astrocyte G-protein responses to antidepressant treatment, indicating that antidepressants differ in their effect on glial signalization. Today mainstream approach to neurobiological basis of depressive disorders and other mood illnesses is linked to abnormalities in transmembrane signal transduction via G-protein coupled receptors. Intracellular signalization cascade modulation results in the activation of transcription factors with subsequent increased production of a wide array of products including growth factors and to changes in cellular activity and reactivity., M. Páv, H. Kovářů, A. Fišerová, E. Havrdová, V. Lisá., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public