Práce se zabývá rondelem z lokality Vchynice (severozáp. Čechy), který je datovaný do mladšího neolitu. Cílem je prozkoumat vztah mezi nálezy ve výplni příkopu, dobou jeho zaplňování, funkcí a původní podobou mladoneolitických kruhových areálů. Byla provedena kvalitativní, kvantitativní a prostorová analýza nálezů z výplně příkopu rondelu. Sledovány byly zejména ty vlastnosti různých kategorií nálezů, které by mohly postihnout významné tendence spojené s formativními procesy. Výsledky jednotlivých analýz byly srovnány s jinými soubory z období neolitu. Na základě sumarizace dílčích výsledků byla pak formulována interpretace vzniku výplně příkopu. Pouze malý zlomek nálezů lze spojit s obdobím funkce rondelu. Výplň příkopu obsahovala některé nálezy, které dovolují diskutovat původní podobu objektu, nicméně samotnou funkci rondelu nelze z nálezů dešifrovat. Aplikovaný metodologický postup lze využít také na jiných objektech, které byly v minulosti zkoumány po tzv. mechanických vrstvách. and The text deals with the rondel (circle enclosure, Kreisgrabenanlage) from the Vchynice site, distr. Litoměřice (Northern Bohemia), dated to Late Neolithic. The aim is to study the relationship between the finds from the ditch infill, the duration of infilling, and the purpose and original form of Late Neolithic rondels. Qualitative, quantitative and spatial analysis of the finds from the rondel ditch was accomplished. Parameters of the different find categories that could reflect important tendencies related to formative processes were studied. The results of the particular analyses were compared with other Neolithic assemblages. On the basis of summarization of the intermediate results, interpretation hypothesis of the ditch infill formation was formulated. Only small part of the finds can be connected with the time when the rondel was in use. The ditch infill contained some finds that allow discussion of the original form of the feature, but the rondel’s function as such cannot be deduced from the finds. The methodological procedure applied may be used for other features that were excavated in the so-called mechanical (artificial) layers in the past.
Práce zabývající se lokalitou Vchynice (severozápadní Čechy) je rozdělena do dvou částí. V první části je provedena datace objektů a jsou vybrány jasně datované a dostatečně nálezově bohaté objekty z období kultury s vypíchanou keramikou pro archeozoologickou analýzu. Ve druhé části je pozornost věnována stavu zachování zvířecích kosterních pozůstatků, dále druhovému určení zvířat, jejich úmrtnímu věku a některým tafonomickým ukazatelům. Do zpracování jsou zahrnuty informace o dalších chronologicky současných lokalitách z ČR. Výsledky jednotlivých částí analýzy jsou konfrontovány na základě chronologického a tvarově-funkčního třídění objektů v rámci lokality. Součástí práce je srovnávací analýza nálezů z objektů chronologicky současných s mladoneolitickým rondelem. and This work on the Vchynice site in northwestern Bohemia (Litoměřice district) is divided into two parts. In the first part, features are dated and clearly dated features with a sufficient number of finds from the period of the Stroked Pottery culture (5100/5000–4500/4400 cal BC) are chosen for archaeozoological analysis. The second part addresses the condition of the animal skeletal remains, including an identification of the animal species, their age of death and certain taphonomic indicators. Information regarding other chronologically contemporary sites in the Czech Republic is included in the analysis. The results of the individual parts of the analysis are then compared based on the chronological and formal-functional classification of features at the site. The work also includes a comparative analysis of finds from features that were contemporary with the Late Neolithic rondel.
Micromorphology in the archaeological context is a methodological tool of modern multidisciplinary archeology. It is basically a microscopic characterization of sediments in a direct context of archaeological situations with the aim of detecting formation processes, the knowledge of which is essential for further interpretations. This method was applied to the sediment fill of two features in a stratigraphic relationship from the locality Tvrdonice – “Pole od Týnecka”. Samples were taken from a La Tène recessed structure fill and an earlier Bronze Age pit that is superimposed below the La Tène feature. From a macroscopic and micromorphological point of view, it is evident that the fill of an Early Bronze Age feature consists of wind-blown sands in superposition with in situ or slightly displaced soil material. Micro-layers detected macroscopically are only related to object leveling. The layer of soil beneath the “floor” of the La Tène recessed building displays signs of long-term bioturbated soil, i.e. the La Tène building was founded in an existing depression. The active floor layer of the La Tène building is represented by alternating layers of lighter and darker laminae. While the darker laminae represent the trampled layer, the lighter laminae consist of recrystallized ash, which impregnates the trampled layer. On a social level, this finding can be interpreted as the creators of the La Tène recessed building choosing to minimize labour costs by using the recessed terrain and thus avoiding the excavation of the building floor. The utility area possessed a purposefully modified surface, which is related to ergonomic efficiency, but its function is unknown. The uppermost part of the fill is formed by backfill that does not show any signs of pedogenic influences, which indicates that the object was intentionally filled (leveled).
The study summarises the basic findings regarding non-masonry buildings in medieval Brno and the prospects for further knowledge. A modern methodological approach in the form of micromorphology in an archaeological context, particularly regarding the interiors of these buildings, was used to add more information. From more than 200 micromorphological samples taken in Brno since 2008, a total of 16 from five sites in the historical centre of the city were selected for this partial study. Temporally, this concerns the period between the early 13th and the mid-14th centuries. The basic outcome of the study is the analysis, interpretation and division of the samples into typological groups. Based on typical features, sunken parts of the structures used for a relatively long time could be divided from the above-ground structures even though in some cases the “floor sandwich” had been partly removed due to ongoing maintenance. Finally, the results were confronted with a macroscopic observation by an archaeologist and with ethnographic knowledge. It was possible to identify the more detailed microstratigraphy of the floor sandwiches than by macroscopic observations in most cases and therefore specify the interpretation of the origin of the floor sandwich.