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Start Over Subject biochemie

52. Metabolic disorders in patients with chronic kidney failure

Creator:
Roman Cibulka and Jaroslav Racek
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, biochemie, poruchy metabolismu, selhání ledvin, hemodialýza, kardiovaskulární nemoci, biochemistry, metabolic disorders, renal failure, hemodialysis, cardiovascular diseases, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
This review article summarizes the problems of metabolic disorders and nutrition imbalances that often occur in chronic kidney failure (CKF) or following regular dialysis treatment. In this survey, we cover the pathogenesis of these disorders, their clinical consequences, and their association with the most severe complications of chronic kidney failure and dialysis treatment. These complications are primarily at herosclerosis, malnutrition, anemia, hyperparathyroidism, and other serious problems that markedly and negatively affect prognosis and the quality of life of uremic patients. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease are discussed in-depth because cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney failure. It is important to pay attention to the development of these complications because early diagnosis and therapy can improve the prognosis for these patients and reduce treatment costs., R. Cibulka, J. Racek., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

53. Miniature excitatory synaptic ion currents in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris body wall muscles

Creator:
Volkov, E. M., Nurullin, L. F., Nikolsky, E., and Vyskočil, F.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, biochemie, acetylcholin, ionty, svalové buňky, žížaly, biochemistry, acetylcholine, ions, muscle cells, earthworms, 2, and 577
Language:
English
Description:
The miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (MEPCs) of the muscle cells of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris were recorded by glass microelectrodes. In a single synaptic zone, three types of MEPC were recorded: a fast single-exponential type that decayed with τ=0.9 ms, a slow single-exponential with τ=9.2 ms and a two-exponential MEPC with τ = 1.3 and 8.5 ms, respectively. The muscle cells of earthworms contain populations of yet-unidentified ionic channels that might be different from the common nicotinic and muscarinic groups of acetylcholine receptors, since these MEPCs are not sensitive to d-tubocurarine, atropine, benzohexonium or proserine. Alternatively, besides ACh receptors, the membrane may contain receptors for an other yet-unidentified excitatory transmitter., E. M. Volkov, L. F. Nurullin, E. Nikolsky, F. Vyskočil., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

55. Monitoring of early and advanced glycation in relation to occurrence of microvascular complications in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Creator:
Kostolanská, J., Vladimír Jakuš, and Barák, Ľ.
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, biochemie, diabetologie, komplikace (lékařství), biochemistry, diabetology, complications of diseases, fructosamine, HbA1c, serum AGEs, glycation gap, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The authors aimed to evaluate if the monitoring of serum advanced glycation end-products (s-AGEs) could help to predict a development of diabetic complications. Clinical and biochemical parameters including fructosamine (FAM), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum AGEs were investigated in children and adolescents with 1 type diabetes with (+DC) and without (–DC) complications. FAM levels (in mmol/l) were significantly elevated in +DC diabetic group compared to –DC one (3.043±0.459 vs. 2.614±0.430; p<0.001) or to controls (3.043±0.459 vs. 1.620±0.340; p<0.001) as well as in –DC compared to controls (2.614±0.430 vs. 1.620±0.340; p< 0.001). HbA1c (in %) were significantly elevated in +DC diabetic group compared to –DC one (10.48±1.83 vs. 8.41±1.19; p<<0.001) or to controls (10.48±1.83 vs. 5.0±0.38, p<<0.001) and also in –DC compared to controls (8.41±1.19 vs. 5. 0±0.38; p<0.001). Serum AGEs levels (in A. U.) were significantly higher in +DC group than in –DC (73.0±14.09 vs. 65.8±9.05; p< 0.05) and in group +DC than in controls (73.0±14.09 vs. 60.17±13.78; p<0.05), whereas there was no difference between –DC and controls. FAM correlated with HbA1c in both diabetic groups (+DC: r=0.374; p<0.05; –DC: r=0.719; p<0.001), but not in controls. Serum AGEs were correlated with Hb A1c (r=0.478; p=0.003) in +DC, but not in –DC or controls. Enhanced serum AGEs levels show that they could be not only an attendant phenomenon of microangiopathies, but also a predictor of their development., J. Kostolanská, V. Jakuš, Ľ. Barák., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

57. Nebezpečná konkurence nebo předčasně prozrazená naděje?

Creator:
Marina Hužvárová
Format:
print
Type:
article, rozhovory, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, Holý, Antonín, 1936-2012, biochemie, antivirotika, konkurence, biochemistry, antiviral agents, competition, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
Earlier this month, the Czech media reported that a highly efficient antiviral drug developed by Czech scientists has been shelved, reportedly for fear it would compete with existing medicines manufactured by pharmaceutical giants. The substance, known as MK-612, was designed at the Academy´s Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry. Academic Bulletin interviewed Zdeněk Havlas, headmaster of the Institute, about next stage in the future of this efficient substance MK-612. and Marina Hužvárová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

58. Neurobiological aspects of depressive disorder and antidepressant treatment: role of glia

Creator:
Marek Páv, Hana Kovářů, Anežka Fišerová, Eva Havrdová, and Věra Lisá
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, psychiatrie, biochemie, deprese, nálada, antidepresiva, stres (psychologie), gliomy, imunitní systém, signální transdukce, psychiatry, biochemistry, depression, mood (psychology), antidepressants, stress (psychology), gliomas, immune system, signal transduction, hippocampus, neurogenesis, astrocyte, natural killer cells, guanine-binding proteins, G proteins, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Depression is a complex disorder related to chronic inflammatory processes, chronic stress changes and a hippocampal response. There is a increasing knowledge about the role of glial cells in nutrient supply to neurons, maintenance of synaptic contacts and tissue homeostasis within the CNS. Glial cells, viewed in the past as passive elements with a limited influence on neuronal function, are becoming recognized as active partners of neurons and are starting to be discussed as a possible therapeutic target. Their role in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders is also being reconsidered. Attention is devoted to studies of the different types of antidepressants and their effects on transmembrane signaling, including levels of α subunits of G proteins in C6 glioma cells in vitro as a model of postsynaptic changes in vivo. These models indicate similarities in antidepressant effects on G proteins of brain cells and effector cells of natural immunity, natural killers and granulocytes. Thus, an antidepressant response can exhibit certain common characteristics in functionally different systems which also participate in disease pathogenesis. There are, however, differences in the astrocyte G-protein responses to antidepressant treatment, indicating that antidepressants differ in their effect on glial signalization. Today mainstream approach to neurobiological basis of depressive disorders and other mood illnesses is linked to abnormalities in transmembrane signal transduction via G-protein coupled receptors. Intracellular signalization cascade modulation results in the activation of transcription factors with subsequent increased production of a wide array of products including growth factors and to changes in cellular activity and reactivity., M. Páv, H. Kovářů, A. Fišerová, E. Havrdová, V. Lisá., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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