The article deals with the use of different types of connectors in the adversative complex phrases in Old Church Slavonic and their Greek parallels. The most common and most frequent conjuntions are a, nž, and to a certain extent obače, whereas the particle že is mostly defined as adversative by the semantics of the clauses. In some manuscripts from the 18th and 19th centuries appart from the use of no and a, examples of adversative sentences with the conjuctions ami and tuku are frequent, which are common also in Standard Macedonian (but ami mostly in dialects). The conjuction tuku has developed from the adverb tolku and the conjunction ami is taken from the Greek vernacular ami. The use of conjunctions from other languages - ami from Greek and ama from Turkish which had a significant influence on the spoken (Slavic) language in Macedonia vis-à-vis the language used in the Old Church Slavonic manuscripts shows that it was common to accept a foreign language construction. However, it should be mentioned that both conjunctions in Standard Macedonian are used as a kind of stylistic specifity, usually in colloquial style. The development and use of new conjunctions could also be explained by the phonemic characteristic of the conjuntion nž, to lose the nasal and thus to become not expressive enough as adversative.
In the article I have made an attempt to trace a development of the lexical expression of a negation phenomenon in the process of formation of Old Church Slavonic as the first medieval literary language of Slavs. An appearance of a great number of neologisms with the prefixes bez- a ne- was conditioned by the necessity to translate complicated in their content and style Greek texts. It was my intention to demonstrate the fact that the influence of the language of Greek original texts was not only in an initiation of processes of direct calque creation but also in activating the long-standing Slavic word-formation models.
This paper investigates relation between modal and future meanings of the Old Church Slavonic infinitival constructions with iměti and xotěti. The future tense and expression of hypothetical values are closely interconnected. Utterances, referring to an obligation, permission, prohibition (or possibility and necessity as the case may be) to materialize an action, are always directed towards the future, they are alvays open forwards with the stream of time. The construction of the verb iměti with infinitive includes a semantic component of fatal necessity, predetermination, which is closely connected with the meaning of obligation. the meaning of predestination (i. e., theodeontic necessity) may imply, in certain contexts, a forecast, prediction and, consequently, reference with respect to the future. The expression of will, but also of desire, intention and purpose, are the initial functions of the verb xotěti. The prediction usage of wish and intention also represents the usual way towards the future.