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12. Camptibia obscura, gen. and sp. n. (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae) from China
- Creator:
- Cai, Wanzhi and Masaaki, Tomokuni
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Harpactorinae, taxonomy, China, new genus, new species, and fore legs
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A new harpactorine reduviid, Camptibia obscura, gen. et sp. n., from China is described. A key to related genera is provided. The functional morphology of the fore legs of this species is discussed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
13. Changes in the volatile profile of Brassica oleracea due to feeding and oviposition by Murgantia histrionica (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
- Creator:
- Conti, Eric, Zadra, Claudia, Salerno, Gianandrea, Leombruni, Benedetta, Volpe, Daniela, Frati, Francesca, marucchini , Cesare, and Bin, Ferdinando
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Murgantia histrionica, herbivore-induced plant volatiles, feeding, oviposition, and Brassicaceae
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The mixture of volatile compounds emitted by Brassica oleracea var. sabauda changed significantly in response to feeding and/or oviposition by Murgantia histrionica (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Volatiles were collected from (1) healthy plants and those with (2) feeding punctures, (3) a combination of feeding punctures and oviposition, (4) feeding punctures and one hatched egg mass and (5) plants bearing only an egg mass. In the case of plants with feeding punctures or feeding punctures plus an egg mass, the volatiles were also collected at different time intervals after plants were subjected to these two treatments (0-24 h, 24-48 h and 48-72 h). Gas chromatographic and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometric analysis showed that the percent emission of several compounds changed significantly from plants subjected to the feeding and oviposition or just oviposition. Percentage of terpenes generally decreased after feeding and oviposition, although the percentage emission of (E)-β-caryophyllene from these plants and those with just feeding punctures significantly increased. Plants with just an egg mass emitted linalool de novo but not (E)-β-ocimene. The emission of jasmonates, mainly methyl jasmonate, increased from plants with feeding punctures plus an egg mass compared to those with only an egg mass. Higher percentages of the volatile glucosinolate derivatives (VGSs), mainly 4-methoxy-3-indolylacetonitrile, were emitted by plants with feeding punctures and an egg mass. The percentage emission of most of these compounds increased during the first 24 h after the treatment and then decreased over the next 24 h, except for methyl jasmonate, which remained high also 48-72 h later. The possible ecological roles of such volatiles in plant interactions with the second and third trophic levels are discussed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
14. Cold hardiness of Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae) from central and southern Europe
- Creator:
- Kalushkov, Plamen and Nedvěd, Oldřich
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Heteroptera, Pyrrhocoris apterus, survival, mortality, supercooling, low temperature, diapause, overwintering, oviposition, Bulgaria, and Bohemia
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The cold hardiness of individuals from overwintering populations of a freeze susceptible bug Pyrrhocoris apterus from central and southern Europe differed significantly. Supercooling point (SCP) correlated well with both lethal temperature (LT50) and lethal time (Lt50), and is agood index of cold hardiness of adults during and after diapause. In January, diapause terminated, but cold hardiness was similar to that recorded in November; cold hardiness decreased slightly in March and markedly in May. Short exposure (less than a week) to higher temperatures before termination of diapause did not reduce the cold hardiness. Cold hardiness did not closely follow air temperatures.The Bulgarian bugs retained lower cold hardiness regardless of acclimation to harsh field conditions in the Czech Republic. The interpopulation difference is therefore a heritable character representing an adjustment to local climates.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
15. Comparative morphology of the spermatheca within the family Dinidoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
- Creator:
- Kocourek, Anna and Danielczok-Demska, Teresa
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Morphology, female, spermatheca, Hemiptera, Heteroptera, and Dinidoridae
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The spermathecae of eleven genera of the family Dinidoridae (Dinidorinae and Megymeninae) were studied. Four types of spermatheca morphology were observed. Possible use of the morphology of spermathecae in the taxonomy of Dinidoridae is discussed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
16. Cytogenetic studies on Mepraia gajardoi (Heteroptera: Reduviidae). Chromosome behaviour in a spontaneous translocation mutant
- Creator:
- Pérez, Ruben, Calleros, Lucia, Rose, Virginia, Lorca, Myriam, and Panzera , Francisco
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Heteroptera, Triatominae, Mepraia gajardoi, holocentric chromosome, and autosomal translocation
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We analysed the chromosome complement and male meiosis in a natural population of Mepraia gajardoi (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae). The normal karyotype of this species is 20 autosomes plus X1X2Y in males and X1X1X2X2 in females. We confirmed that M. gajardoi is cytogenetically strikingly different from M. spinolai (with which it was previously included), which supports the taxonomic separation of these two species. For the first time in the holocentric chromosomes of the subfamily Triatominae, a structural rearrangement was detected. Observations made during meiosis and mitosis indicated that one of eleven individuals had undergone a fusion between two non-homologous chromosomes, probably before germinal cell development. This autosomal translocation resulted in chromosomal irregularities such as an autosomal trivalent, autosomal univalents and chromosomal fragments, which altered the normal segregation of both autosomes and sex chromosomes. The chromosomal fragments resemble supernumerary or B chromosomes, which supports the idea that these chromosomes are remnants of structural rearrangements. The genetic consequences of translocations in holokinetic chromosomes and their role in the evolution of chromosomes in triatomines are also discussed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
17. Digestive proteolytic activity in the gut and salivary glands of the predatory bug Podisus maculiventris (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae); effect of proteinase inhibitors
- Creator:
- Bell, Howard A., Down, Rachel A., Edwards, John P., Gatehouse, John A., and Gategouse, Angharad M.R.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Digestive proteinases, proteinase inhibitors, Podisus maculiventris, Pentatomidae, Heteroptera, transgenic crops, and salivary glands
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Proteinase activity in the midgut of the pentatomid stinkbug Podisus maculiventris was investigated. The optimal pH for adult and nymph proteolysis was pH 6.0 and pH 6.5, respectively. Proteinase activity was characterised using a range of diagnostic inhibitors. Activity of both adult and nymphal gut extracts, detected by the hydrolysis of Z-Phe-Arg-pNA, was inhibited to <20% of control levels by several inhibitors (e.g. E-64 and chicken egg white cystatin) associated with the inhibition of cysteine proteinases. The less specific inhibitor leupeptin reduced proteolytic activity to around 1.0% of the control values. In-gel analysis of the enzymes revealed that proteolytic activity was due to at least four proteinases, of ca. 30, 36, 50 and 110 kDa, which were all susceptible to E-64 inhibition. Salivary gland extracts gave maximal activity at pH 8.0 when tested for general proteolytic activity using fluorescent BODIPY-FL casein substrate, and showed moderate levels of inhibition when incubated with inhibitors of serine-, cysteine-, aspartic- and metallo-proteinases. Leupeptin and PMSF gave the highest levels of inhibition of salivary proteolytic activity, at ca. 50%, whilst the plant-derived inhibitors SKTI, CpTI and OC-1 did not inhibit proteolysis.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
18. Do long- and short-winged adult females of the bug Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae) differ in lifespan and reproductive capacity?
- Creator:
- Socha, Radomír
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Heteroptera, Pyrrhocoridae, Pyrrhocoris apterus, firebug, females, wing morphs, lifespan, reproductive capacity, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- 1_n the present study we tested whether long-winged (macropterous) and short-winged (brachypterous) adult females of the firebug Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.) differ in their reproductive capacity and length of life. The following seven physiological markers were measured in these females: lengths of the pre-oviposition period (pre-OP), inter-ovipositon period (inter-OP) and post-oviposition period (post-OP), and the mean number of eggs per batch, total number of eggs, mean total number of egg batches laid and lifespan of the females. The results showed that macropterous and brachypterous females significantly differed in the length of the pre-OP, which was significantly shorter in brachypterous (7.95 ± 1.75 days) than in macropterous females (26.84 ± 9.86 days), but there was no significant difference between the lengths of the inter-OP in brachypterous (4.00–8.79 days) and macropterous (3.00–9.89 days) females. In contrast the length of the post-OP was significantly longer in brachypterous (48.23 ± 30.95 days) than in macropterous females (35.02 ± 17.32 days). Except for the 2nd and 3rd egg batches there was no significant difference between the average numbers of eggs in the other egg batches laid by females of the two wing morphs., 2_Total number of eggs laid by macropterous females during their whole lifespan was not significantly lower (326.47 ± 155.65 eggs) than by brachypterous females (382.82 ± 207.52 eggs), but associated with the lower number of egg batches laid by macropterous (13) than by brachypterous females (19). However, there was no significant difference in the longevity of brachypterous (95.43 ± 41.21 days) and macropterous (93.40 ± 21.18 days) females. The relationship of these results to the reproductive arrest, inactivity of the endocrine gland, corpus allatum, and different levels of adipokinetic hormone in macropterous females is discussed., Radomír Socha., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
19. Dorso-abdominal scent glands and metathoracic evaporatoria in adults of central European Rhopalidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), with a discussion of phylogeny and higher systematics
- Creator:
- Davidová-Vilímová, Jitka, Nejedlá, Markéta, and Schaefer, Carl W.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Scent glands, evaporatoria, development, morphology, phylogeny, classification, Heteroptera, and Rhopalidae
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The reservoirs of dorso-abdominal scent glands and the occurrence of the metapleural scent gland evaporatoria in the adults of nine central European and one North American species in the family Rhopalidae (Hemiptera) were studied. All published data about the persistence of the dorso-abdominal scent glands in rhopalid adults are reviewed, and systematic and phylogenetic implications are derived from the patterns of variation.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
20. Eastern Arc Mountains in Tanzania: hic sunt Aenictopecheidae. The first genus and species of Afrotropical Aenictopecheidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Enicocephalomorpha)
- Creator:
- Pavel Štys and Baňař, Petr
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Enicocephalomorpha, Aenictopecheidae, Ulugurocoris grebennikovi gen. n. et sp. n., taxonomy, morphology, distribution, epimeroid (new term), true bug, Afrotropical region, Tanzania, Eastern Arc Mountains, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A new genus and species of Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Enicocephalomorpha: Aenictopecheidae: Aenictopecheinae, Ulugurocoris grebennikovi gen. et sp. n., based on micropterous females from Tanzania, Uluguru Mts, Budunki, is described and differentiated. The males are probably macropterous. Some general aspects of morphology of U. grebennikovi are discussed in a broader context, such as presence of cephalic trichobothria (suggested to be a groundplan character of Heteroptera), presence of “gular sulci” (suggested to have an ecdysial function), lack of cephalic neck (symplesiomorphy with other Hemiptera), presence of posterior lobe of pronotum associated with the epimeroid (a new term for so called “proepimeral lobe”), and presence of notopleural sulcus on the propleuron. Diagnostic characters of the Aenictopecheinae are summarized and distribution of their seven genera is reviewed. Ulugurocoris grebennikovi is the first representative of the basal family Aenictopecheidae in the Afrotropical Region. The type locality is situated in the Eastern Arc Mountains (Tanzania), a recently identified hotspot of Afrotropical diversity characterized by a high degree of endemism caused by high rates of speciation combined with low rates of extinction. A brief characterization of the area is provided., Pavel Štys, Petr Baňař., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public