In this article, a comparison is made between economic and identity explanations of preferences toward EU membership in the Czech Republic. This research demonstrates that economics rather than identity is a more powerful explanation of public opinion on accession. With regard to economic explanations of public support for integration three models are examined - a winners and losers model, an international trade liberalisation model, and a foreign direct investment model. A comparison of these three models shows that support for accession was primarily based on attitudes toward foreign direct investment. Moreover, contemplating employment opportunities within the EU following accession was also an important factor. Contrary to previous research the empirical evidence presented in this article suggests that being a winner or loser in the post-communist transition process was not the strongest factor explaining popular support for membership. The results presented should not be taken to imply that instrumental rather than ideological or affect-based motivations determine general attitudes toward integration. On the specific question of vote choice in the accession referendum instrumental economic considerations were most important.
The transformation of spatial structures due to the migration flows is reflected not only in forms of interactions between representatives of a majority and minorities, but also in forms of implementation of integration strategies. The study shows that the implementation of integration strategies towards non-EU immigrants is strongly contextually conditioned: the demand (within the limits of available financial and human resources) determines the offer. The study evaluated integration measures applied by public and private stakeholders in selected areas with the aim to promote the integration of non-EU immigrants into the local labour market during the current economic crisis.
V článku je předložen model narativní komplexity. Jako východiska modelu jsou využity Todorovův pojem „narativní transformace“ a Brunerův koncept „potíž“. Narativní transformace je chápána jako to, „co vyprávění dělá s konstitutivní potíží“. S využitím těchto pojmů je narativní komplexita definována jako diferenciace a integrace různých aspektů narativní transformace. Pojem narativní komplexita poukazuje jak k dispozici, tak také k procesu i výsledku narativního ztvárnění zkušenosti v její složitosti, úplnosti a proměnlivosti. Model umožňuje včlenit do jednoho logicky konzistentního rámce různé aspekty narativní komplexity, tak jak byly doposud koncipovány z různých dílčích teoretických či praktických hledisek. Předložený model sestává z osmi souvisejících aspektů: 1) diferenciace a integrace tématu vyprávění, 2) diferenciace a integrace aktérství, 3) diferenciace a integrace narativní konstrukce, 4) diferenciace a integrace ztvárnění hodnot a přesvědčení, 5) diferenciace a integrace na rovině reflexe, 6) diferenciace a integrace hledisek a perspektiv, 7) diferenciace a integrace utváření postav, 8) diferenciace a integrace na rovině komunikačního a sociokulturního kontextu. Na závěr jsou zmíněny některé teoretické a empirické možnosti předloženého modelu., Model of narrative complexity is articulated. Todorov’s concept of “narrative transformation” and Bruner’s concept of “trouble” are used as a frame of narrative complexity conceptualization. Narrative transformation is presented as “something what story telling does with constitutive trouble”. Narrative complexity is thus defined as a differentiation and integration of various aspects of narrative transformation. Narrative complexity refers both to disposition and also to the process and to the result of narrative experience constructing in its complicatedness, completeness, and changeableness. The model enables to incorporate various aspects of narrative complexity from different theoretical and practical perspectives into one consistent framework. The presented model consists of eight interconnected aspects: 1) differentiation and integration of topic storytelling, 2) differentiation and integration of agency, 3) differentiation and integration of narrative construction, 4) differentiation and integration of values and believes embodiment, 5) differentiation and integration at the level of reflection, 6) differentiation and integration of different perspectives, 7) differentiation and integration of characters (protagonists), 8) differentiation and integration in communication and socio-cultural contexts. Theoretical and empirical consequences of the model are also discussed., Vladimír Chrz, Ivo Čermák., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989 meant the cardinal breaking point for states in Central Europe which affected their diaspora in the same way. The Czech exile was not an exception. Some of its representatives came back to Czechoslovakia during the Velvet revolution and the most of its members returned to the country in 1990. The memories of the first re-entry to their former motherland constituted an important part of their life-stories. Did the "first-encounter" with freed Czechoslovakia influence their decision to come back permanently? The paper is based on the archival and oral sources which were obtained during field research in the Czech communities in Austria and Switzerland. The sources often described a process called "reverse culture shock" which formed unknown yet important chapter of the Czech exile in the second half of the 20th century.
Příspěvek se zabývá tématem začleňování dětí přistěhovalců do norských základních škol. Představuje nejprve teoretický kontext tématu, vývoj norské integrační politiky a následně výsledky empirického výzkumu. Ten diskutuje (ne)úspěšnost jedné osloské školy v začleňování přistěhovaleckých žáků. Jelikož ze školy deset let postupně odcházeli žáci majoritní společnosti, hlavní výzkumná otázka zní: Proč ze školy zaměřené na přijímání přistěhovalců odcházejí norští žáci. Při řešení bylo použito metody případové studie a v jejím rámci tří technik sběru dat: rozhovorů, analýzy dokumentů a zúčastněného pozorování. Výzkum ukázal, že učitelé sledované školy kladli příliš velký důraz na podporu přistěhovaleckých žáků, což vedlo k oslabení pozice norských žáků, kteří začali odcházet na školy s nižším procentem přistěhovalců. Důležitou roli při odchodu norských žáků hrála rovněž specifičnost přistěhovalců, komunikace s přistěhovaleckými rodiči, organizace výuky na škole a zvolená integrační opatření. and This text deals with the topic of integration of immigrant children in the Norwegian primary schools. Paper firstly introduces a theoretical context and the Norwegian integration policy, then it presents results of empirical research. The research discusses (un)success of one chosen school in Oslo in the field of integrating immigrant children. Because the Norwegian pupils were gradually leaving the school, the main research question is: Why are Norwegian pupils leaving the school characterized by receiving immigrant children? As a method was chosen a case study and three techniques of data collection: interviews, document analysis and observation. Research has shown that teachers put too much emphasis on supporting immigrant pupils, which led to a weakening of the position of Norwegian pupils who began leaving the school and started to attend other schools with lower percentages of immigrants. An important role in the leaving of Norwegian pupils plays immigrant specificity, communication with immigrant parents, the organization of teaching and integration measures chosen at school.
When evaluating German inhabitants memories relating to the 1946 expulsion, the significant criteria are the age and the gender of those participating, which have a crucial influence on the participants´ attitude to the events they experienced. The theme of the memories includes mainly preparations for the expulsion, farewell to home, hardships on the way, circumstances of the arrival, beginnings in a foreign environment, as well as gradual assimilation and improvement in the coexistence with domestic population. Sometimes, the theme includes post-war family re-unification, renewed contacts to friends, and care of mementoes that they brought from the former fatherland with them. The older German emigrants had grievances in relation to the Czechs, which - in the case of some of them - survived until their death. The younger generation, i.e. the expulsed children at that time, shows rather nostalgia, interest in the present-day life in their home towns and villages, and new contacts to their contemporary inhabitants. The expulsion of German fellow citizens was also reflected in experiences and recollections of the Czech residents in the Vyškov area. As to the bearer´s bias and experience, the expulsion was perceived either in a positive way with feelings of satisfaction, or in a negative way with expressions of sorrow and sympathy.
Perspectives on migrant integration differ by time and place. This article examines this vague concept to shed light on how its evolution over time has shaped the current conceptions of migrant integration in the EU and the Czech Republic. It describes the situation in the Czech Republic and the country's normative goals in the field of migrant integration. While the country has explicit integration priorities in place, there is no evaluation of their fulfilment. The article explores whether these priorities are indeed fulfilled and from what sources by analysing a unique dataset of 3061 projects in the field of migrant integration. All these projects were implemented in the Czech Republic between 2010 and 2019. The results show that although funding for migrant integration has increased since 2016, even taking into account the long-term increase in the number of migrants in the Czech Republic, funding in support of these priorities is allocated very unevenly. European funding remains crucial. Among the most supported priorities is knowledge of the Czech language and education. There is also some support in the social field. By contrast, the issues of discrimination, equal rights, foreign nationals' access to health care, and the development of professional skills receive hardly any support. The results thus show a discrepancy between the priorities that have been set and their fulfilment, especially in the area of activities targeting the majority society and its institutions. The declared two-sidedness to the process of integration process thus remains a somewhat unsupported vision.
Political participation of immigrants (expressed for example by their participation in elections, representation in political parties or in the leadership functions of a city) is now seen as one of the key elements supporting their integration into the major society. In France was already in 1983 founded civil association called Votation citoyenne (Civil vote), but despite more than 30 years of its campaigns and diligent work, the results obtained are rather vague. So far, the law that would give to the foreigners from the countries outside of the EU the right to vote and to be elected at least in the local elections was only approved but did not enter into the force. However, between the years 2001 and 2008, this form of their participation in political life had bigger dynamics in the region of Basse-Normandie than in the region of Paris.
The article deals with situation, attitudes and behaviour of members of Prague's Russian immigrant community. At the beginning an overview of recent socio-economic development in Russia, existing findings about Russian minority in the Czech Republic and Czech citizens’ attitudes towards Russians are presented. The core of the article is presentation of main results of a survey conducted by the author in spring 2010 among members of Russian community that live in Prague and its surroundings. Among the main hypotheses that came out of the survey is growth of importance of positive motivations to migrate, extension of geographical and social basis from which migrants come, continuity of self-isolation of the community combined with strong ties to the country of origin and rise of Russian ethnic economy in Prague., Michal Janíčko., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This article argues that it is central to consider the socialisation processes of migrant children in transnational settings when focusing on issues of integration and the transnationality of the next generation. A central experience of migrant children is that they grow up and are involved in both the emigration and immigration country (of their parents). Many of them circulate between Germany and Turkey several times and maintain multiple relationships across national borders when they are growing up. This has implications for their family relationships and educational careers in childhood, but beyond that it also has effects that are detectable into adulthood. The article shows that migrant children develop the potential and skills that enable them to live a transnational life. The question the article therefore addresses is whether and how a transnational childhood affects the transnationality and integration of the next generation in the adult life.