Search

Start Over Format bez média Subject insulin

1. Can primary hyperaldosteronism be considered as a specific form of diabetes mellitus?

Creator:
Jiří Widimský, Strauch, B., Gustav Šindelka, and Jan Škrha
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, diabetes mellitus, inzulin, insulin, primary hyperaldosteronism, specific type, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
J. Widimský Jr., B. Strauch, G. Šindelka, J. Škrha. and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

2. Can the gold standard be beaten? How reliable are various modifications of the Synacthen test compared to the insulin tolerance test

Creator:
Mikuláš Kosák, Michaela Dušková, Luboslav Stárka, Jandikova, H., Pospisilova, H., Sramkova, M., Václav Hána, Martin Krsek, Drahomíra Springer, and Kateřina Šimůnková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, inzulin, fyziologie, insulin, physiology, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
M. Kosak, M. Duskova, L. Starka, H. Jandikova, H. Pospisilova, M. Sramkova, V. Hana, M. Krsek, D. Springer, K. Simunkova. and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3. CD36 regulates fatty acid composition and sensitivity to insulin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Creator:
Kontrová, K., Jarmila Zídková, Bartoš, B., Skop, V., Jiří Sajdok, Ludmila Kazdová, Mikulík, K., Petr Mlejnek, Václav Zídek, and Michal Pravenec
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, mastné kyseliny, inzulin, physiology, fatty acids, insulin, CD36, 3T3-L1 adipocyty, interference RNA, 3T3-L1 adipocytes, RNA interference, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
In the current study, we tested a hypothesis that CD36 fatty acid (FA) transporter might affect insulin sensitivity by indirect effects on FA composition of adipose tissue. We examined the effects of CD36 downregulation by RNA interference in 3T3-L1 adipocytes on FA transport and composition and on sensitivity to insulin action. Transfected 3T3-L1 adipocytes, without detectable CD36 protein, showed reduced neutral lipid levels and significant differences in FA composition when levels of essential FA and their metabolites were lower or could not be detected including gamma linolenic (C18:3 n6), eicosadienic (C20:2 n6), dihomo-gamma linolenic (C20:3 n6), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) (C20:5 n3), docosapentaenoic (DPA) (C22:5 n3), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) (C22:6 n3) FA. Transfected 3T3-L1 adipocytes exhibited a significantly higher n6/n3 FA ratio, reduced Δ5-desaturase and higher Δ9-desaturase activities. These lipid profiles were associated with a significantly reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (4.02±0.1 vs. 8.42±0.26 pmol.10-3 cells, P=0.001). These findings provide evidence that CD36 regulates FA composition thereby affecting sensitivity to insulin action in 3T3-L1 adipocytes., K. Kontrová, J. Zídková, B. Bartoš, V. Skop, J. Sajdok, L. Kazdová, K. Mikulík, P. Mlejnek, V. Zídek, M. Pravenec., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4. Comparative analysis of tryptophan oxygenase activity and glucocorticoid receptor under the influence of insulin

Creator:
Isenović, Esma R., Zakula, Z., Koricanac, G., and Ribarac-Stepić, N.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, molekulární genetika, glukokortikoidy, inzulín, tryptofan, molecular genetics, glucocorticoids, insulin, tryptophan, stability of glucocorticoid-receptor complex, tryptophan oxygenase, 2, and 577
Language:
English
Description:
This investigation addresses the interaction of insulin (INS) and glucocorticoid (GC) signaling in the hepatic regulation of tryptophan oxygenase (TO) enzyme activity in the rat. Male Wistar rats (200-250 g b.w) received an injection of the different doses of INS (10, 25, 50, 70 and 100 μg/200 g b.w., i.p.) and were used for experiments 3 h and 18 h after INS administration. This study shows that maximum of TO activity was found at dose of 50 μg of INS with peak increases observed at 3 h and 18 h after injection of INS, while INS had no effect on TO activity in adrenalectomized rats. The analysis of INS effects on glucocorticoid receptor-complex (GC/GR complex) stability shows that complexes from INS-treated rats are less stable than those from control animals. In addition, INS-stimulated stability of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) protein was significantly increased from the controls. Furthermore, the results show that GC/GR complexes from INS-treated rats could be activated and accumulated at higher rate in cell nuclei of control animals. These data support the involvement of INS in modulation of GC signaling pathway which mediates, in part, the activity of TO., E. R. Isenović, Z. Zakula, G. Koricanac, N. Ribarac-Stepić., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5. Different secretory response of pancreatic islets and insulin secreting cell lines INS-1 and INS-1E to osmotic stimuli

Creator:
Orečná, M., Hafko, R., Bačová, Z., Jarmila Vargová, Dušan Chorvát, and Vladimír Štrbák
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, endokrinologie, inzulin, nádorové buňky, pankreas, endocrinology, insulin, cancer cells, pancreas, cell volume, pancreatic islets, tumor cell line, Ca2+ and exocytosis, 2, and 577
Language:
English
Description:
Objective of this study was to characterize osmotically-induced insulin secretion in two tumor cell lines. We compared response of freshly isolated rat pancreatic islets and INS-1 and INS-1E tumor cell lines to high glucose, 30 % hypotonic medium and 20 % hypertonic medium. In Ca2+-containing medium glucose induced insulin release in all three cell types. Hypotonicity induced insulin secretion from islets and INS-1 cells but not from INS-1E cells, in which secretion was inhibited despite similar increase in cell volume in both cell types. GdCl3 (100 μmol/l) did not affect insulin response from INS-1E cells to hypotonic challenge. Hypertonic medium inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion from islets but not from tumor cells. Noradrenaline (1 μmol/l) inhibited glucose-induced but not swelling-induced insulin secretion from INS-1 cells. Surprisingly, perifusion with Ca2+-depleted medium showed distinct secretory response of INS-1E cells to hypotonicity while that of INS-1 cells was partially inhibited. Functioning glucose-induced insulin secretion is not sufficient prerequisite for hypotonicity-induced response in INS-1E cells suggesting that swelling-induced exocytosis is not essential step in the mechanism mediating glucose-induced insulin secretion. Both cell lines are resistant to inhibitory effect of hyperosmolarity on glucose-induced insulin secretion. Response of INS-1E cells to hypotonicity is inhibited by the presence of Ca2+ in medium., M. Orečná, R. Hafko, Z. Bačová, J. Podskočová, D. Chorvát Jr., V. Štrbák., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

6. Effect of leptin and insulin on chick embryonic muscle cells and hepatocytes

Creator:
Dalma Lamošová and Zeman, M.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, inzulin, leptin, svalové buňky, insulin, muscle cells, chick embryo, hepatocytes, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
In the present study we used the primary cultures of chick embryonic muscle and liver cells as a model for potential mutual combination effects of leptin and insulin, respectively. The influence of both hormones on the proliferation and protein synthesis was dose-dependent and related to the age of embryos from which the cells were isolated. Leptin (10 and 100 ng/well) increased the proliferation (estimated by DNA content and incorporation of labeled thymidine into DNA) and protein synthesis (determined by incorporation of labeled leucine into proteins) of muscle cells. The effect of leptin and insulin in muscle cells was similar. In younger embryo (11-day-old) the lower dose of leptin was more effective than the higher one compared to the insulin effect. Mutual effects of leptin and insulin were neither additive nor synergistic and were equivalent to the effects of individual hormones. In hepatocytes the influence of leptin was dependent on the age at which the cells were isolated (11- and 19-day-old embryos). The presence of insulin neither potentiated nor inhibited the effect of leptin., D. Lamošová, M. Zeman., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

7. Fasting insulin pulsatile secretion in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Creator:
Grimmichová, Tereza, Jana Vrbíková, Petr Matucha, Karel Vondra, Veldhuis, P. P., and Johnson, M. L.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, endokrinologie, inzulin, pulz (lékařství), syndrom polycystických ovarií, diabetes mellitus, endocrinology, insulin, pulse, polycystic ovary syndrome, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The aim of our study was to evaluate rapid insulin pulses and insulin secretion regularity in fasting state in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in comparison to lean healthy women. PCOS (n=8) and controls (n=7) underwent every minute blood sampling for 60 min. Insulin pulsatility was assessed by deconvolution and insulin secretion regularity by approximate entropy methodology. PCOS had higher testosterone (p<0.02), prolactin (p<0.05) and lower sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) (p<0.0006) levels than controls. Approximate entropy, insulin pulse frequency, mass, amplitude and interpulse interval did not differ between PCOS and controls. PCOS had broader insulin peaks determined by a common half-duration (p<0.07). Burst mass correlated positively with testosterone (p<0.05) and negatively with SHBG (p<0.0004) and common half-duration correlated positively with prolactin (p<0.008) and cortisol levels (p<0.03). Approximate entropy positively correlated with BMI (p<0.04) and prolactin (p<0.03). Lean PCOS patients tended to have broader insulin peaks in comparison to healthy controls. Prolactin, androgens and cortisol might participate in alteration of insulin secretion in PCOS-affected women. Body weight and prolactin levels could influence insulin secretion regularity., T. Grimmichová, J. Vrbíková, P. Matucha, K. Vondra, P. P. Veldhuis, M. L. Johnson., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

8. Genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus in humans

Creator:
Daniela Kantárová and Milan Buc
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, imunologie, inzulin, diabetes mellitus, immunology, insulin, CD25, CTLA4, HLA (human leukocyte antigens), IDDM (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), type 1 diabetes mellitus, PTPN22 (protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22), 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM 1A) is an autoimmune disease belonging to the most frequent chronic diseases of the childhood and young adults. DM 1A results from immune-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. It is a genetically determined disease and many genes or genetic regions were found to be associated with its induction. In addition to the insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 1 (IDDM1) gene, which marks the HLA region, and IDDM2 which marks the insulin gene, significant associations of DM 1A to other IDMM genes or genetic regions we reported. We shortly review recent achievements in the field, and the state of current knowledge., D. Kantárová, M. Buc., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

9. Glucose administration downregulates lipoprotein lipase activity in vivo: a study using repeated intravenous fat tolerance test

Creator:
Eliška Jindřichová, Simona Kratochvílová, and Jan Kovář
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, experimentální medicína, lipoproteiny, glukóza, inzulin, triacylglyceroly, experimental medicine, lipoproteins, glucose, insulin, triacylglycerols, intravenous fat tolerance test, 2, and 577
Language:
English
Description:
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key factor determining the clearance of triglycerides from the circulation. The enzyme activity is tissue-specifically regulated by insulin, but it is not clear yet how insulin regulates the total LPL activity in the circulation. To answer such question, we measured LPL activity using the intravenous fat tolerance test (IVFTT) that was carried out 1 h before as well as 2 h and 4 h after oral administration of glucose (75 g) in eleven healthy male volunteers. In control experiments, no glucose was given to the subjects. Glucose administration resulted in an expected increase in plasma glucose and insulin and in a suppression of non-esterified fatty acid concentration. The LPL activity assessed in IVFTT as a k2 rate constant did not change in control experiments and decreased to 78 % and 73 % of baseline values 2 h and 4 h after glucose administration, respectively (p=0.01). Similarly, LPL activity measured in the plasma after intravenous injection of heparin at the end of the experiments was 16 % lower (p<0.05) after glucose administration. In conclusion, LPL activity is already downregulated in vivo 2 h after glucose administration. The results of our study indicate that repeated IVFTT is a promising approach for studying acute changes in LPL activity., E. Jindřichová, S. Kratochvílová, J. Kovář., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

10. Hormone metabolism in the pulmonary circulation

Creator:
Aliberti, G., Pulignano, I., Proietta, M., Miraldi, F., Cigognetti, L., Tritapepe, L., Di Giovanni, C., Arzilla, R., Vecci, E., and Toscano, M.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hormony štítné žlázy, plíce, inzulín, glukagon, thyroid hormones, lungs, insulin, glucagon, peptide hormones, endothelial cleavage, peptide degradation, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
We measured hormonal levels in blood samples from pulmonary and radial arteries in 117 patients undergoing aorto-coronary by-pass surgery with the aim of investigating the role of the pulmonary vessel endothelium in hormone metabolism. Insulin and glucagon concentrations were significantly higher in pulmonary artery blood with respect to radial artery blood (73±65 vs. 65±47 pmol/l, p<0.005, and 80+49 vs. 73+51 ng/l, p<0.01, respectively), while no difference was found for growth hormone, prolactin, C peptide, insulin-like growth factor I, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, parathyroid hormone, thyroglobulin, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine. Moreover, prolactin concentrations were more than twice the normal levels, this being an effect of propafol and the opiate fentanyl used for the general anesthesia. Assuming that the arteriovenous differences observed are a marker of peptide hormone degradation, our study has demonstrated that with similar kinetics insulin and glucagon secreted into portal circulation and escaping from hepatic extraction undergo further homeostatic removal of about 9-10 % in the pulmonary circulation before entering the general circulation., G. Aliberti, I. Pulignano, M. Proietta, F. Miraldi, L. Cigognetti, L. Tritapepe, C. Di Giovanni, R. Arzilla, E. Vecci, M. Toscano., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public