This study on Alois Klar (1763-1833) focuses mainly on his achievements as a pedagogue and his work for the visually impaired. Methodologically, it draws on Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer and Michel Foucault, enabling us to view the evolution of social care as a concomitant of the emerging modern state and integral to its structure. The study presents an analysis of the beginnings of Klar’s Prague institute for the visually impaired against a background of rapid changes in medicine, the scope of the state, and educational thinking. At a time of compulsory school attendance and new approaches to education, when the state demanded the active participation of its subjects/citizens in propagating its aims and the values of society as a whole, the blind and partially sighted were given access to a full and systematic education. We also present data concerning Klar’s educational work and thinking (he taught in Litoměřice and at Prague University), and examine the internal workings of the newly established institute - one of the first of its kind in Europe - and its contacts with the medical discourse of the emerging science of ophthalmology., Marek Fapšo., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The article deals with commemorations of the death of Tomáš G. Masaryk, the first president of Czechoslovakia. The funeral, its organization, and the location of Masaryk's grave reflected a new - predominantly nationalist-military-legionnaire - concept of the traditions of the Czechoslovak state. In the politically turbulent Europe of the late 1930s, it provided an opportunity to solidify the Czechoslovak national identity and to represent multinational state as unified. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
Czech “tramping” is primary Czech non-political movement and in the same time a pastime which came into existence at the beginning of the 20th century. It interconnected a stay in the countryside with romanticizing inspiration with American Wild West. Emphasis was placed on personal freedom and small amount of organization. It is also characterized by specific literary, musical and graphic production. This paper attempts to analyze specific features
of current campfire legends as a part of modern folk literature. It is based on material collected during a short survey. It seems that narration appearing in “tramping” environment has heavy though not absolute motivic relation to some more general types of narration of the youth such as the campfire legends and motifs related to legend tripping. However, they are spread in the ways characteristic for the youth by people who are much older. There is also a strong connection to the places visited by “tramps”. The existence of the legends is reflected within the movement. The stories can be turned into literature, parodied, or intentionally newly created as folklorism.