Spatial root distribution and water uptake of maize grown on field with subsoil compaction

Title:

Spatial root distribution and water uptake of maize grown on field with subsoil compaction
Priestorové rozdelenie koreňov a odber vody koreňmi kukurice v pôde so zhutnenou podorničnou vrstvou

Creator:

Himmelbauer, Margarita L., Loiskandl, Willibald, and Rousseva, Svetla

Identifier:

https://cdk.lib.cas.cz/client/handle/uuid:baa090bd-446a-4102-95c9-a9f44378e9be
uuid:baa090bd-446a-4102-95c9-a9f44378e9be
doi:10.2478/v10098-010-0015-z

Subject:

maize, soil compaction, soil amelioration, root spatial distribution, water uptake, kukurica, meliorácia pôdy, priestorové rozdelenie koreňov, and odber vody koreňmi

Type:

model:article and TEXT

Format:

bez média and svazek

Description:

Soil compaction in agricultural areas inhibits plant root growth through increased mechanical resistance, altered water and nutrient supply. The main objective of this study was to evaluate spatial distribution of roots and its effect on water uptake of maize grown on field with subsoil compaction. Two treatments were examined: complex melioration consisting of deep loosening in combination with drainage and control without applied meliorations. Root observations were conducted on vertical and superposed horizontal planes covered with a 2 cm grid short after silking. Root distributions expressed as index of density and/or dry mass density were estimated down to 1m soil depth and with a distance to a plant base. For analysis of root distribution pattern on the horizontal planes, a Variance to Mean Ratio (VMR) test was applied. Soil water monitoring were conducted during the vegetation period. On the vertical planes, root densities were similar in the topsoil of both treatments, but the results were significantly higher in the subsoil of the meliorated one showing deeper allocation of root density. In contrast, the control had more squares with lots of roots (i.e. higher indexes) just at the top- subsoil boundary owing to bunching of roots in macropores. The horizontal planes in the control generally consisted larger areas without visible roots and thus great distances for water and nutrient transmission, especially in the subsoil. The estimated VMR also pointed toward different levels of root clustering. Consequently, an inhibited water extraction from the subsoil in the control, a delay in crop ontogenesis and a less biomass production was established during the observed period. and Zhutnenie poľnohospodárskej pôdy bráni rastu koreňov; je to spôsobené zvýšeným mechanickým odporom pôdy, a zníženým prítokom vody a živín. Cieľom tejto štúdie je zhodnotenie priestorovej variability koreňov, ich vplyvu na odber vody koreňmi kukurice na poli so zhutnenou podorničnou vrstvou. Boli hodnotené dva spôsoby obrábania: komplexná meliorácia pozostávajúca z hlbokého podrývania v kombinácii s drenážou a obrábanie (kontrola) bez melioračných zásahov. Identifikácia rozdelenia koreňov bola vykonaná vo vertikálnych a horizontálnych rovinách s 2-cm sieťou, krátko po metaní. Rozdelenie koreňov bolo vyjadrené ako index hustoty alebo ako hustota suchej biomasy koreňov do hĺbky 1 m; v horizontálnom smere až k susedným rastlinám. Bol použitý test ''Variance to Mean Ratio'' (VMR) na určenie rozdelenia koreňov v horizontálnom smere počas vegetačného obdobia. Hustota koreňov vrchnej vrstvy pôdy vo vertikálnej rovine bola podobná pre obidve varianty, ale pre meliorovanú pôdu boli hodnoty hustoty koreňov v podloží podstatne vyššie a korene zasahovali hlbšie. Ako protiklad, na kontrolnom pozemku bolo viac štvorcov s mnohými koreňmi (t.j. vyššie indexy) práve na hranici orničnej a podorničnej vrstvy, pre enormný rast koreňov v makropóroch. V horizontálnej rovine tento kontrolný pozemok obsahoval veľké oblasti bez viditeľných koreňov, a to znamená veľké vzdialenosti pre prenos vody a živín v podorničnej vrstve. Výsledky aplikácie VMR naznačujú tiež rozdielne úrovne zhlukov koreňov. Z toho vyplýva znížený odber vody koreňmi rastlín na kontrolnom pozemku, ako aj pomalšia ontogenéza a nižšia produkcia biomasy, ktorá bola identifikovaná počas sledovaného obdobia.

Language:

Slovak

Rights:

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
policy:public

Coverage:

163-174

Source:

Journal of hydrology and hydromechanics | 2010 Volume:58 | Number:3

Harvested from:

CDK

Metadata only:

false