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2. "Měřítko vytváří jev" : k pojetí obsahů a funkcí náboženství ve výzkumech religiozity v současné české společnosti
- Creator:
- Havlíček, Jakub
- Format:
- text/pdf
- Type:
- Article
- Subject:
- Czech Republic, religion, conceptualization, spirituality, belief, identity, functional characteristics, substantial characteristics, and Study of Religions
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The paper focuses on the topic of conceptualizing religion in Czech society today from the perspective of the Study of Religions. The paper further develops and assesses in theoretical terms the findings of descriptive content analysis published by Veronika Hásová and Jan Váně (2014), who identified and quantified the frequency of variables of religiosity applied by researchers in the Czech Republic. The characteristics applied most frequently are categorized as functional characteristics (religious affiliation, church attendance) and substantive characteristics (belief in diverse religious phenomena) of religiosity. Results and conclusions of the analysis of religiosity in the Czech Republic depend heavily on how the functional and substantive characteristics of religiosity are conceived and formulated. The functional characteristic of religious affiliation conceived in terms of church membership results in a low measure of religiosity and supports the conclusion concerning the purported irrelevance of religions and religious identities in the Czech society today. Other surveys based on different conceptualizations of religious identities reveal the relevance of religion as far as the attitudes and values of respondents are concerned. Topics connected to religions and religious identities continue to be discussed within the public sphere of Czech society, e.g. through the media. As far as the substantive characteristics of belief in religious phenomena are concerned, the specification of the subject of such belief is of vital importance. As surveys of religiosity reveal, respondents relatively often declare their belief in or reliance on phenomena connected with alternative religiosity or spirituality. The ways of conceptualizing religion in Czech society today often ignore the dynamics of religious change in modern societies and do not take into account changes in the perceived content and functions of religious phenomena. Critical examination of the variables of religiosity leads towards a re-examination of conclusions concerning the purported irreligious or secular nature of Czech society today
- Rights:
- unknown
3. ‘They seemed like super businessmen’: financial instruments in social housing policy
- Creator:
- Čada, Karel
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- poverty neighbourhoods, social housing, financialisation, and Czech Republic
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This article explores the trajectory of so-called guaranteed social housing in the Czech Republic as an example of penetrating financial instruments into the public policy realm. The project, promoted by the government’s Agency for Social Inclusion, was intended to encourage private landlords to rent their properties to people in need through commercial insurance against the risk of rent defaults. Using policy documents, media and interviews with governmental officers, the article describes the performative strength of financial instruments in the sphere traditionally occupied by the welfare state. In financialisation literature, the proliferation of financial instruments is often described as a one-way process in which these instruments colonise public domains. However, the empirical case discussed in the article shows that this process is much more complex and contingent, and financial instruments are not used as the best option but rather as a last resort in a situation marked by weak policies.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4. A centre of occurrence of Viscum albumsubsp. album in eastern Bohemia and an overview of the diversity of its host plants in the Czech Republic
- Creator:
- Procházka, František
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Czech Republic, host trees and shrubs, semi-parasitic plant, and Viscum album subsp. album
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A literature survey revealed that the semi-parasitic evergreen shrub Viscum album subsp. album (Viscaceae) has been recorded on 53 taxa of deciduous trees and shrubs (including five hybrids) in the Czech Republic,. Of the host taxa, 26 are native and 27 alien to the Czech flora. The range of hosts covers 13 families. Salicaceae (11 taxa), Rosaceae (11) and Aceraceae (7) are most represented among families. Of the 22 genera harbouring mistletoe, Populus (7 taxa), Acer (7), Tilia (5) and Fraxinus (4) are most represented. A locality at the castle park in the town of Heřmanův Městec, E Bohemia, is reported in detail. In 1978–1981 and 2001, Viscum album subsp. album was observed on 15 host taxa of trees and shrubs, which represents the second highest diversity of host trees in a single locality in the Czech Republic; the richest one, previously reported by Unar et al. (1985) is the Lednice castle park, S Moravia, with 24 taxa. Four more host taxa were recorded in the studied town of Heřmanův Městec outside the park, giving the total of 19 hosts concentrated within a limited area. The occurrence of mistletoe on Prunus padus is reported for the first time from the Czech Republic.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
5. A Multi-model assessment of climate change impact on hydrological regime in the Czech Republic
- Creator:
- Hanel, Martin, Vizina, Adam, Máca, Petr, and Pavlásek, Jiří
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- climate change, multi-model assessment, Czech Republic, runoff, změna klimatu, hydrologický režim, and Česká republika
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- In present paper we assess the climate change impact on mean runoff between the periods 1961-1990 (control period) and 2070-2099 (scenario period) in the Czech Republic. Hydrological balance is modelled with a conceptual hydrological model BILAN at 250 catchments of different sizes and climatic conditions. Climate change scenarios are derived using simple delta approach, i.e. observed series of precipitation, temperature and relative air humidity are perturbed in order to give the same changes between the control and scenario period as in the ensemble of 15 transient regional climate model (RCM) simulations. The parameters of the hydrological model are for each catchment estimated using observed data. These parameters are subsequently used to derive discharge series under climate change conditions for each RCM simulation. Although the differences in the absolute values of the changes in runoff are considerable, robust patterns of changes can be identified. The majority of the scenarios project an increase in winter runoff in the northern part of the Czech Republic, especially at catchments with high elevation. The scenarios also agree on a decrease in spring and summer runoff in most of the catchments. and V článku předkládáme výsledky modelování změn hydrologického režimu v důsledku změn klimatu mezi časovými obdobími 1961-1990 a 2070-2099 podle souboru patnácti regionálních klimatických modelů pro 250 povodí v České republice. Hydrologická bilance byla modelována pomocí konceptuálního hydrologického modelu BILAN. Časové řady ovlivněné změnou klimatu byly získány jednoduchou přírůstkovou metodou, tj. pozorované časové řady srážek, teplot a vlhkostí vzduchu (vstupy do modelu BILAN) byly opraveny pro každou simulaci pomocí přírůstkových faktorů tak, aby měsíční změny těchto veličin byly stejné jako podle uvažované simulace klimatického modelu. Hydrologický model je nakalibrován s využitím pozorovaných dat, identifikované parametry jsou následně využity pro simulaci hydrologické bilance pro řady ovlivněné klimatickou změnou. Základní podstata možných změn hydrologické bilance na území České republiky vyplývá z projekcí srážek a teplot pro Evropu, tj. postupné zvyšování teplot během celého roku a pokles letních, růst zimních a stagnace ročních srážek. V období od začátku podzimu do začátku léta dochází k růstu srážek, jenž je doprovázen řádově stejným růstem územního výparu způsobeným růstem teplot. V letním období dochází k poklesu srážek a v důsledku úbytku zásob vody v povodí nemůže docházet k výraznému zvyšování územního výparu. Důležitým faktorem ovlivňující změny odtoku je posun doby tání v důsledku vyšší teploty přibližně z dubna na leden-únor. Změny odtoku v období leden-květen jsou tedy dominantně určeny právě odlišnou dynamikou sněhové zásoby, změny v letním období zejména úbytkem srážek. Výsledné odhady změn odtoku jsou zatíženy značnou nejistotou, nicméně lze identifikovat robustní jevy společné pro řadu simulací. Jak ukazují výsledky, na většině modelovaných povodí je pokles odtoků v období od dubna do října společný valné většině modelů. Na druhé straně, růst odtoku v zimních měsících je značně nejistý. S tím souvisí i nejistota spojená se změnami roční bilance odtoků.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
6. A new genus and species of Homoiopteridae from the Upper Carboniferous of the Intra-Sudetic Basin, Czech Republic (Insecta: Palaeodictyoptera
- Creator:
- Prokop, Jakub and Nel, André
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Insecta, Dictyoneuridea, Palaeodictyoptera, Homoiopteridae, gen. n., sp. n., taxonomy, Palaeozoic, Upper Carboniferous, Duckmantian, Intra-Sudetic Basin, and Czech Republic
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- New palaeodictyopterid Paraostrava stanislavi gen. n., sp. n. is described from the Upper Carboniferous (Duckmantian) deposits of the Jan Šverma Mine in northern Bohemia (Czech Republic). The new taxon based on hindwing venation is attributed to Homoiopteridae and compared with the other homoiopterid and heolid genera within Homoiopteroidea. Due to the poor state preservation of Boltopruvostia robusta, we consider this taxon as Palaeodictyoptera: Homoiopteridae of uncertain position and restore the well defined genus Ostrava Kukalová, 1960 (type species Ostrava nigra Kukalová, 1960). Some uncertainties in the current state of knowledge on the taxonomy and phylogeny of the Homoiopteridae are pointed out. The characters matrix used to separate the genera of Homoiopteroidea is included.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7. Achillea asplenifolia in Mähren, mit taxonomischen Bemerkungen
- Creator:
- Danihelka, Jiří
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Compositae, Anthemidae, yarrows, taxonomy, nomenclature, phytogeography, Czech Republic, and Central Europe
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Achillea asplenifolia Vent. is one of three central European diploid species (together with A. setacea Waldst. et Kit. and A. roseoalba Ehrend.) of the A. millefolium group. Its taxonomic and phytogeographic account from the central European perspective is given mainly on the basis of herbarium and field studies. The synonymy of A. asplenifolia includes A. millefolium var. crustata Rochel and A. scabra Host; both names are typified here. No variation deserving taxonomic recognition was observed. From the taxonomic point of view, A. asplenifolia is a clearly delimited species. It grows in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, and Romania. From the phytogeographic point of view, it can be classified as a Pannonian geoelement with overlaps to Transylvania and to the marginal parts of the eastern Mediterranean. Within the Czech Republic, its distribution range includes only the warmest and driest part of southern Moravia, with the northernmost site situated near the town of Vyškov. In southern Moravia, A. asplenifolia was confined to extrazonal habitats, mainly to islands of halophilous vegetation such as moist saline meadows (formerly used as pastures) and lowland fens rich in mineral nutrients, but most of the sites were destroyed. Out of six or seven localities preserved up to present, only two host vital populations.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
8. Activity patterns of male Tengmalm´s owls, Aegolius funereus under varying food conditions
- Creator:
- Zárybnická, Markéta
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- food supply, prey delivery, nesting, Czech Republic, and Ore Mountains
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This study investigated whether the males of the Tengmalm’s owl change their activity patterns, evaluated based on delivering prey to nestlings in respect of different food supply. During two breeding seasons 12 owl nests were continuously monitored by a camera system to obtain data on the time of male prey delivery and identification of prey items brought to nestlings. Even though the abundance of food supply differed in both years, there was no difference in the number of prey items delivered by males to their nests. Nevertheless, the species composition of food supply as well as the species composition of prey delivered by males to the nests differed between 2004 and 2006. Yet male activity patterns were the same in both years; they showed a monophasic cycle with one peak at the beginning of the night, around 22:00 and 23:00. Moreover, the males delivered prey to their chicks strictly at night time in both years and they started (the first evening arrival at the nest) and ended (the last morning arrival at the nest) their nest visiting in the same time in 2004 and 2006. The results of this study suggest that activity patterns of Tengmalm’s owl males in central Europe do not depend on varying food conditions.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
9. Allium oleraceum in Slovakia: cytotype distribution and ecology
- Creator:
- Šafářová, Lenka, Duchoslav, Martin, Jandová, Michaela, and Krahulec, František
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Allium, Czech Republic, distribution, flow cytometry, habitat differentiation, polyploidy, spatial scales, and vertical distribution
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The spatial distribution of cytotypes can provide valuable insights into the evolution of polyploid complexes. Previously, only tetraploid Allium oleraceum was reported from Slovakia. Analysing 863 individuals from 93 populations from Slovakia revealed an extensive variation in the DNA ploidy levels of Allium oleraceum (3x, 4x, 5x and 6x). Of the main cytotypes, the penta- and tetraploids had strongly overlapping distributions, although the pentaploids exhibited a tendency to occur more frequently in the southern and the tetraploids had a tendency to occur in the northern regions of Slovakia. A triploid cytotype was found in one population in the southern part of Slovakia, which is the third locality worldwide for this cytotype. The hexaploid cytotype was rare and sparsely occurred in western and southern Slovakia. Sixteen per cent of the populations sampled consisted of more than one ploidy level; the most common was a combination of penta- and tetraploids. The cytotypes differed with respect to altitude; the tetraploids were found significantly more frequently at higher altitudes than the penta- and hexaploids. When compared with reanalysed altitudinal distribution data from the Czech Republic divided into two geographic areas (Carpathian and Herzynian) the pattern found in the Carpathian part of the Czech Republic was similar to that in Slovakia, with tetraploids at the higher altitudes. The distribution in the Herzynian part (Bohemian Massif) was just the opposite: the tetraploids were more often found at lower altitudes than the penta- and hexaploids. Both tetra- and pentaploid cytotypes occurred in a wide and similar spectrum of habitats, while hexaploids were limited to human-influenced habitats. A local-scale distribution of cytotypes analysed in detail in the Slovak Karst area, showed surprising differences in the distribution of cytotypes on particular karst plains, which can be related to different land uses. Concerning the contrasting altitudinal differentiation of tetraploids in the regions compared, the results suggest that at least two different types of tetraploids occur in Central Europe. The apparent cytotype diversity in the surrounding Slovak Karst area may suggest the existence of a primary contact zone.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
10. Americké protiraketové základny v ČR a Polsku z pohledu domácí veřejnosti
- Creator:
- Jan Červenka
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Společenské vědy, výzkum veřejného mínění, public opinion polls, U.S. missile defence, public opinion, Czech Republic, Poland, 18, and 3
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- V ČR a Polsku se v posledním období významným zahraničněpolitickým i vnitropolitickým tématem stal záměr vlády USA umístit v těchto zemích některé komponenty budovaného amerického systému obrany proti mezikontinentálním balistickým střelám, který by podle deklarovaného záměru měl chránit kontinentální území Spojených států před případným útokem prostřednictvím menšího počtu raket dlouhého doletu z tzv. „ničemných států“ (rogue states), jak je označuje americká administrativa. Vlády ČR a Polska byly v tomto směru nedávno oficiálně americkou stranou požádány diplomatickou nótou o jednání v této záležitosti. V případě Polska by se mělo jednat o odpalovací zařízení raket určených k ničení mezikontinentálních balistických střel, na českém území by pak měl být dislokován radar, jehož prostřednictvím protiraketový systém vyhledává nepřátelské střely a navádí na ně své rakety. Probíhající diskuse jak uvnitř obou oslovených středoevropských států, tak i na mezinárodním foru zřetelně ukazují, že jak konkrétní plán umístit základny antibalistické obrany v ČR a Polsku, tak zejména samotný záměr budovat byť i jen omezený systém strategické obrany tohoto druhu, představuje závažnou, značně citlivou a kontroverzní otázku s globálním dosahem. Pochopitelný a průběžně sílící zájem o věc projevují také obyvatelé obou zemí. A právě postojům české a polské veřejnosti k celému projektu, jejich aktuálnímu stavu a také možnému dalšímu vývoji se bude věnovat tento text., The text focuses on public opinion in Czech Republic and Poland relating to the plan of U.S. government to locate some parts of U.S. national missile defence in these countries. It describes and compares main shifts of developments of public attitudes in both countries to the project as well as to eventual referendum in this matter within the period up to the first half of 2007. The text shows main demographical, societal and political differences in both countries and discusses reasons and motives behind particular attitudes of Czech and Polish citizens., Jan Červenka., and Seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public