The essay, celebrating the 70th birthday of the German author, essayist and philosopher Peter Sloterdijk, focuses on the main discrepancies in his opinions in the period between his Critique of Cynical Reason (1983) and the current social-critical and political engagement (Die nehmende Hand und die gebende Seite, 2010 - Was geschah im 20. Jahrhundert?, 2016, including his confrontational polemics in the journal Cicero between 2014–2017). The author poses two questions: a) Did Sloterdijk's readers consider his opinions a genuine critical philosophy, while they concealed what Hegel marked as "gloss of uncommonness" of original conservativism? b) When and how can philosophical theories achieve an acceptable level of trustworthiness? The answers mark the determinants of Sloterdijk's anthropology, generally falling under the concept of "Anthropocene" and relying on several theories. The author highlights Sloterdijk’s theory of borders and his economic theory of the replacement of the tax system by a system of donation and charity. He also points out that Sloterdijk does not present any relevant arguments or explanations of practical implications of his theories. Instead he limits himself to moralistic and journalistic claims.
The article is divided into three main parts. In the first part, an overview of scholarly views on trust/trustworthiness is provided. The second part is concerned with the issue of how the politicians’ trustworthiness is measured by contemporary research agencies. In the third part, the experiment on politicians’ trustworthiness utilizing a new method is reported. This method is based on indirect questioning and it builds on the hypothesis that the more trustworthy a politician is, the more people will agree with his statements and consider them seriously. Four parallel questionnaires were employed. The first questionnaire (N=53) contained 10 short fictitious quotations and subjects were asked to rate them according to their solidness, acceptability, and positivity, and they were asked to say to what extentdid they agree with them. Five of these quotations were used in the next three questionnaires (N=48;47;42) and the names of five Czech politicians (K. Schwarzenberg, A. Vondra, R. John, V. Filip and B. Sobotka) were attached to them. No name was attached to the same quotation twice. Respondents were divided into four independent groups and each group responded to one questionnaire. The independent two-sample t-test was used for the comparison of the ratings and 20 statistically significant results were obtained. This means the method could be one of the keys for a better future understanding of such a complex notion as is the trustworthiness of politicians is., Jan Chromý, Ondřej Dufek., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This study aims to determine the level of school administrator self-esteem and its relationship to school administrator trust in teachers. The research design is a relational survey. The study was conducted at K-12 schools (a total of 131 schools) in İzmit county in the Kocaeli province of Turkey. The data were gathered through a three-part questionnaire: the first part consisted of the Rosenberg (1989) self-esteem scale, a ten-item four-point Likert-type scale; the second part included a three-factor trustworthiness instrument with 17 items by Mayer and Davis (1999); and the third part was related to six demographic variables. SPSS 13.0 was used for data analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were applied to the data. Findings revealed that administrators have very low levels of self-esteem. Their levels of trust in teachers were also found to be low in all three dimensions of trustworthiness that were affected by administrator self-esteem. Results indicated that administrator self-esteem, education level, and seniority as an administrator in the current school were positively correlated with trust; title, school level, and seniority as an administrator were negatively correlated.
Důvěra je velice důležitou součástí života každého člověka a současně i velkým tématem vědecké psychologie. Jedná se o fenomén mající vztah ke všem formám života, činnosti, chování a vědomí člověka, bez kterého není možná existence člověka v současném světě. I přesto, že se jedná o tak zásadní téma, tak v současné době neexistuje v českém jazyce přehledová studie, která by tento fenomén komplexně popisovala. Hlavním cílem článku je popis fenoménu důvěry, specifických okolností, vybraných charakteristik a procesů, které s tímto fenoménem souvisejí, a to prostřednictvím analýzy dostupných výzkumných studií a prostřednictvím analýzy toho, jaké charakteristiky důvěry jsou v současných výzkumech sledovány a studovány a v jakých souvislostech. Dalším cílem článku bylo na základě současného výzkumného bádání zmapovat a uspořádat poznatky o významu a funkcích fenoménu důvěry a nedůvěry v existenci a vývoji jedince., Trust is a very important part of life of every human and at the same time the theme for psychological science. It is the phenomenon related to all forms of life, activity, behavior, and human consciousness, without which, the human existence in contemporary world is not possible. Although it is the principal theme, there is to the present day no overview study in Czech describing complexly this phenomenon. The main goal of the paper is the description of the trust phenomenon, specific circumstances, selected characteristics, and processes connected to this phenomenon, namely by the means of analyses of accessible studies and by analyzing, which characteristics of trust are studied in contemporary research and in which context. The further goal of the paper is to map and organize the knowledge concerning the relevance and functions of trust and mistrust phenomenon in the existence and development of an individual on the basis of contemporary research., Marek Kolařík, Drahoslava Rödlová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury