The municipal elections of 1919 and the parliamentary/senate elections of 1920 gave women their first opportunity to exercise their new right to vote, and as such were important milestones in the forming of women’s new status as equal citizens. The paper analyses election campaigns aimed at female voters in selected periodicals published by the Czech Catholic People’s Party in 1919 and 1920: the newspaper Lid (The People) and the newly established magazine Žena (Woman). It explores the main topics and strategies of the campaign and identifies the underlying concepts of women’s political interests and motivations. The main focus is on the magazine Žena and its attempts to reconcile traditional Catholic femininity and the ‘separate spheres’ model with women’s newfound status as political actors and to create a picture of a new, politically active Catholic woman for its readership.
The study deals with the policy towards the Jewish minority in Slovakia during the first years of the interwar Czechoslovak Republic. In particular it examines the attitudes, semantics and everyday praxis of the members of the new political establishment. Whilst they attempted to solve the "Jewish question" as soon as on the turn of the 19th and 20th century by establishing cooperatives, after the World War I they used their new governmental authority for revising the so-called "liquor licenses" which were seen as a "Jewish privilege". This emphasis on the "practical" or "humanitarian" antisemitism - significant for the Czech and Slovak populism since the late 19th century - merged in the postwar period with the aggressive campaign against the "Judeo-Bolshevism" which was alleged as a threat for the new Czechoslovak state. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
The issue of celebrating church holidays as state holidays is an example of the development of the relationship between the interwar Czechoslovak republic and the Catholic Church, as well as one of political Catholicism’s real successes in interwar Czechoslovakia. Political Catholicism managed to defend most church holidays in the changed political landscape. Introducing the single new, and anti-Catholic, Mr. Jan Hus holiday in the newly
created state in 1925 caused a diplomatic affair between Czechoslovakia and the Holy See, and indirectly provoked
significant domestic political unrest. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
The study focuses on the Czech nationalism in the first years of interwar Czechoslovakia and explores in detail the particular figure of Jude-Bolshevism, as it was used in the Czech national discourse. Use of the term of the Jewish "race", which was supposed to strive for power, was to help in uniting the national society and discard everything, which did not fit within the framework of uniformly represented "national inerest". Stigmatizing bolshevism (communism) by its presumed "Jewishness" was used as an intelligible component of the identity language and helped to preserve the Czech "national unity" as a main pillar of the newly founded state. The revolutionary project of the radical left therefore could have been positioned outside of this framework and thereby displaced out of the unified national collective. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
Profesor Emerich Polák (1901-1980) byl ve své době jedním z našich nejvýznamnějších chirurgů. Byl nejen vyhlášeným operatérem ovládajícím chirurgii v celé její šíři, ale i autorem řady významných publikací monografických a časopiseckých, autorem a spoluautorem učebnic svého oboru. V polovině 70. let 20. století začal psát své paměti a počítal s jejich vydáním, k čemuž ovšem nedošlo. Paměti obsahují mnoho informací nejen o vývoji chirurgie ve 20. století očima odborníka, ale i o kulturním a společenském životě nebo o těžkých letech okupace. Text pamětí o rozsahu 428 stran se uchoval v několika strojopisech. Vzhledem k tomu, že v dohledné době není naděje na jejich vydání vcelku, budou publikovány alespoň některé jejich části časopisecky. Vybraly jsme část věnovanou popisu každodennosti v podolském sanatoriu a životu ve státní nemocnici v Mukačevě. V podolském sanatoriu Polák působil od roku 1925 do konce roku 1934. Od roku 1921 rovněž jako asistent II. kliniky, po deset let odjížděl operovat do nemocnice v Mukačevě. Část věnovanou sanatoriu v Podolí edičně připravila Ludmila Hlaváčková, část zachycující vzpomínky na Mukačevo připravila Hana Mášová., Professor Emerich Polák (27. 5. 1901 - 27. 8. 1980) was one of the most prominent Czechoslovak surgeons. In 1970s he started to write his memoirs and prepared them for publication, but they stayed in manuscript. The text of 428 pages was preserved in a few copies. It includes a lot of information about development of the surgery in the first half of the 20th century, and much about cultural and social life of that time. The two parts, that were chosen for publication in this magazine, describe the years Emerich Polák spent at the 2nd surgery clinic in the sanatorium in Podolí (Prague) and his ten years in the hospital in Mukačevo, where he worked in the summer seasons since 1921. (Translated by Hana Mášová.), and Překlad resumé: Hana Mášová