Archaeological sources provide a wide range of information to help understand the social structure of human society in the past. In this paper, the authors deal with the information potential of grave pit modifi cations and wooden structures in graves at burial sites in the central region of Great Moravia (southeast Moravia, southwest Slovakia). The goal at this point is to defi ne the basic hypotheses and describe the methodological basis along with the research methodology. The authors treat the sources holistically, which means that one of the methodological foundations is the claim that the properties of the whole are not a simple sum of its parts. This means that all recognized elements of the funeral rite and their mutual relations and functions are the center of attention of this research. The primary basis for the research is the assumption that the presence of various wooden structures or wooden burial receptacles in the graves of the Great Moravian period is a common cultural occurrence. It further tests the hypothesis that there was intent behind choosing of these different wooden structures and grave pit modifi cations and their usage, as well as a potential differentiation based on age or gender in the frequency, quality and selection of these modifi cations/arrangements and structures. The main methodological tools are statistical and GIS analysis and the results are compared with published fi ndings from the wider Central European region., Marian Mazuch, Marek Hladík., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Hinkelstein ist der Name einer mittelneolithischen, am nördlichen Oberrhein heimischen Kulturgruppe an der Wende vom 6. zum 5. Jahrtausend v. Chr., deren erste Gräber 1866 in Monsheim bei Worms, Rheinhessen, nahe einem ebenso benannten Menhir entdeckt worden waren. Zwei große Gräberfelder von Worms, Rheingewann 1895 und Rheindürkheim 1898, blieben lange Zeit repräsentativ, bis 1988/89 in Trebur, Südhessen, ein großes Gräberfeld der Hinkelsteiner und Großgartacher Kultur planmäßig ausgegraben werden konnte. Hinkelstein ist eine Nachfolgekultur der Linienbandkeramik am Ort und eine Schwesterkultur der Stichbandkeramik im Osten. Dabei wurde die bandkeramische Hockerbestattung von einer Streckbestattung mit strenger Orientierung SO–NW abgelöst und eine reiche Gefäßornamentik in linienbandkeramischer Technik und stichbandkeramischer Struktur entwickelt. and HINKELSTEIN – THE CULTURAL PICTURE OF A NEOLITHIC GROUP. Hinkelstein is a Middle Neolithic cultural group spread across the upper Rhineland, and dated to the turn of the 5th Millennium BC. The first graves of this group were uncovered in 1866 at Monsheim near Worms (Hessen Rhineland), close to the menhir of the same name. Two large cemeteries at Worms – Rheingewann (1895) and Rheindürkheim (1898) – remained representative until 1988/89, when planned excavations were able to uncover a large cemetery at Trebur (south Hessen). Evidence of the Hinkelstein and Großgartach cultural groups was recovered. Hinkelstein is a group which here follows the Linear Pottery culture and corresponds to the Stroke–Ornamented Ware culture in the east. Flexed burials are now replaced by stretched ones with a precise SO–NW orientation. Its rich ornamentation uses the technique of Linear Pottery and the structures of Stroke–Ornamented Ware.
Archaeological research in 2015 in the interior of St. Cross church in Javornik brought new knowledge about its construction and historical development. The oldest floor level was probably identified. It appears that during the Hussite campaign in 1428 the building was damaged and subsequently repaired. We also managed to identify and date the next three floor levels, building of new church entrances, and also alterations of the interior - construction of baptistery (no longer exists), side altars, construction and subsequent demolition of the gallery and singer‘s tribune. Graves were also investigated. Five skeletons were found in burial pits and 2 skeletons in brick tombs., Peter Kováčik, Veronika Dudková, Hana Lafková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Při archeologickém výzkumu hřbitova u bývalého kostela sv. Jiří v Tasově, přestavěného na faru, byly mj. odkryty dva hroby mužů s párem kruhových přezek. Na základě polohy v hrobu a srovnáním s ikonografickými prameny jsou tyto přezky považovány za součást upínání nohavic k opasku. and Round clasps as part of men’s attire in the Middle Ages. The archaeological excavation of a cemetery at the former Church of St George in Tasov, later converted to a rectory, uncovered also two male graves with a pair of round clasps. On the basis of their position in the grave and a comparison with iconographic sources, it is believed that these clasps were used to attach chausses to a belt.
Na pohřebišti ze starší doby bronzové v Praze 9 – Miškovicích byla fosfátová analýza úspěšně použita jako doplněk archeologických a antropologických pozorování. S její pomocí se kromě „regulérních“ pohřbů s kompletně dochovanými kostrami v anatomické poloze podařilo prokázat některé doposud neznámé formy pohřbívání (ca 45 % ze všech odkrytých hrobů): A) Pohřbívání samotných kostí (někdy ve schránkách z organického materiálu) bez měkkých tkání, často s milodary, charakterizované kompletně nebo fragmentárně dochovanými kosterními pozůstatky rozptýlenými či uspořádanými na dně hrobové jámy, bez fosfátové anomálie. B) Tzv. kenotafy, prázdné jámy ležící mezi ostatními hroby, které se svým tvarem neliší od hrobových jam s pohřby, neobsahují však žádné kosterní pozůstatky ani předměty a nevykazují fosfátovou anomálii. U jednoho kenotafu byl zjištěn kamenný zával. C) „Hrobové“ jámy bez kosterních pozůstatků a bez nálezů, ale s výraznou fosfátovou anomálií respektující svým tvarem i velikostí půdorys jámy. and Burial rites: uniform or diverse? Interpretation of the results of phosphate soil analysis at the Únětice culture burial site in Prague 9 – Miškovice. Phosphate soil analysis was successfully used as a supplement to archaeological and anthropological observations at the Early Bronze Age burial site in Prague 9 – Miškovice. In addition to „regular“ burials with complete preserved skeletons resting in an anatomical position, the soil analysis was used to document heretofore unknown forms of burial (approximately 45 % of all uncovered graves): A) The burial of separate bones (in some cases in caskets made from organic material) without soft tissue, often with gifts and characterized by complete or fragmentary skeletal remains spread out or arranged in the bottom of the grave pit, without a phosphate anomaly. B) So-called „cenotaph“ (empty) graves situated between other graves. The shapes of cenotaph graves do not differ from other graves, but do not contain any bones or other objects. The cenotaph graves do not have a phosphate anomaly, but one of them has a stone packing. C) „Grave“ pits with neither skeletal remains nor finds, but with a distinct phosphate anomaly respecting the shape and even the size of the grave.
Cremation in Late-Stage Bell-Beaker Culture Amphoras in Southern Moravia (Including a note on the internal arrangement of Bell-Beaker Culture society). There is an interesting fi nd among the graves of the Bell Beaker Culture in south Moravia (Hostěradice and Jiřice, Znojmo region), in which cremation burial were disposed in urns – especially amphoras covered with another, upside-down vessel (usually a bowl, sometimes a smaller amphora). This intriguing fi nd is the contents of a cremation in Božice – Česká kolonie near Dvůr Hoja. There is a unique, irreplaceable item in the collection of funerary pottery from Božice – Česká kolonie (near Dvůr Hoja) – an urn containing the remains of a cremation. It is a large, wide amphora with four handles and a bulge. The “comb” decoration on its bottom with densely placed thin grooves is very rare in the Bell-Beaker Culture. The cremation inside was covered with a toppled bowl with a wider rim. The grave pit is of cylindrical shape. The grave contained the burned bones of one or two people. One group consisted of more robust human bones, while the second group was more delicate., Jaromír Kovárník., and Obsahuje seznam literatury