It is the objective of this thesis to take into account thermal balance of circulating fluidised bed combustors (CFBC), aiming at efficiency assessment, as regards standards, CSN 07 0302, and DIN 1942. It points to differences between calculations along these two different standards, concerning the solution of problems like different comparative temperatures, to which the calculation of physical losses is related to, varying calculation of mean thermal capacity, or problem of electrical motors input. This article is based on the project GA 617 50 11 solving - "Combine combustion of coal and biomass in fluid boilers"., Zdeněk Kadlec, Bohumir Čech and Jan Matoušek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a beneficial mathematical programming method to measure relative efficiencies. In conventional DEA models, Decision Making Units (DMUs) are usually considered as black boxes. Also, the efficiency of DMUs is evaluated in the presence of the specified inputs and outputs. Nevertheless, in real-world applications, there are situations in which the performance of multi-stage processes like supply chains with forward and reverse flows must be measured such that some of the intervening factors, called proportional dual-role factors, are presented that one part of each proportional dual-role factor plays the input role and the other plays the output role. To address this issue, the current study proposes radial and non-radial DEA models for evaluating the overall and stage efficiencies of the closed-loop supply chains when there are proportional dual-role factors. To illustrate, a proportional dual-role factor is divided into portions of the input of the first stage and the output of the second stage such that the optimal overall and stage efficiency scores of closed-loop supply chain are obtained. A case study is used to illustrate the proposed approach. The experimental results obtained from real world data show the convincing performance of our proposed method.
Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a methodology for measuring best relative efficiencies of a group of peer decision-making units (DMUs) that take multiple inputs to produce multiple outputs. However, the traditional DEA model only aims to maximize the efficiency of the DMU under evaluation. This usually leads to very small weights (even zero weights) being assigned to some inputs or outputs. Correspondingly, these inputs or outputs have little or even no contribution to efficiency, which is unfair and irrational. The purpose of this paper is to address this problem. Two new weight-optimized models are proposed based upon the perspective of cross evaluation. Using the results of an Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT) example, it is found that all AMTs are fully sorted. The decision maker can easily choose the best AMT. In addition, unreasonable weights of AMTs are effectively avoided.
Using a physico-statistical model of the formation of slime particles of workpiece material in polishing and a cluster model of wear, the formation accuracy of flat optical surfaces and the wear uniformity of the tool working layer have been analyzed. The results are given of the experimental verification of the calculated values of the polishing efficiency, tool wear rate, and the shape accuracy of the interacting tool and workpiece surfaces. and Užitím fyzikálně-statistických metod je analyzováno vytváření kalových částic z obrobku během leštění a klastrový model opotřebení, dosažení přesnosti rovných optických povrchů a rovnoměrnost opotřebení pracovní vrstvy nástroje. Výsledky jsou experimentálním ověřením vypočtených hodnot účinnosti leštění, rychlosti opotřebení nástroje a profilu přesnosti interagujícího nástroje a povrchů obrobku.
With the increasing use of the Internet and electronic documents, automatic text categorization becomes imperative. Many classification methods have been applied to text categorization. The k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) is known to be one of the best state of the art classifiers when used for text categorization. However, k-NN suffers from limitations such as high computation, low tolerance to noise, and its dependency to the parameter k and distance function. In this paper, we first survey some improvements algorithms proposed in the literature to face those shortcomings. And second, we discuss an approach to improve k-NN efficiency without degrading the performance of classification. Experimental results on the 20 Newsgroup and Reuters corpora show that the proposed approach increases the performance of k-NN and reduces the time classification.
Author concerns himself with the question whether it is desirable that law only promotes economicgoals. Acceptance of Posner’s wealth maximization principle implicitly leads also to acceptance of currentdistribution of wealth and income. Calabresi doubts that acceptance of the latter is desirable and suggeststhat it is necessary, by means of social agreement, to define what distribution of wealth and income we considerdesirable (just). Author focuses on the field of accident law and depicts the disagreement between Posnerand Calabresi on the example of accidents of cars and cyclists. Author concludes that Calabresi’s argumentationis more persuasive.
The paper investigates generalized linear models (GLM's) with binary responses such as the logistic, probit, log-log, complementary log-log, scobit and power logit models. It introduces a median estimator of the underlying structural parameters of these models based on statistically smoothed binary responses. Consistency and asymptotic normality of this estimator are proved. Examples of derivation of the asymptotic covariance matrix under the above mentioned models are presented. Finally some comments concerning a method called enhancement and robustness of median estimator are given and results of simulation experiment comparing behavior of median estimator with other robust estimators for GLM's known from the literature are reported.
In classic data envelopment analysis models, two-stage network structures are studied in cases in which the input/output data set are deterministic. In many real applications, however, we face uncertainty. This paper proposes a two-stage network DEA model when the input/output data are stochastic. A stochastic two-stage network DEA model is formulated based on the chance-constrained programming. Linearization techniques and the assumption of single underlying factor of the data are used to construct the equivalent deterministic linear programming model. The relationship between the stochastic efficiency of each stage and stochastic centralized efficiency of the whole process, at different confidence levels, is discussed. To illustrate the real applicability of the proposed approach, a real case on 16 commercial banks in China is given.
The third decade after the Velvet revolution in 1989, which restored political freedom and democracyin Czechoslovakia, has found its two successors – the Czech republic and Slovakia – in the midst of, whatsome authors describe as, a crisis of legitimacy of state institutions in Western countries. The perception oflegitimacy and the trust in institutions of criminal justice play pivotal role in securing and maintainingsocial consensus and harmonious development of societies. Economic and political turbulences during theera of transformation to the free market economies especially in the 1990s have contributed, in author’s view,to an unfortunate state of a very low trust of the Czech and Slovak citizenry in how their criminal justice institutionsexercise entrusted powers and perform their duties. A question thus emerges, what should be doneto sustain and foster legitimacy of criminal justice institutions in the context of contemporary developmentof these relatively young democracies? The article firstly turns to a discussion in the literature of English andAmerican provenience with the aim to analyse the meaning and importance of democratic legitimacy ofcriminal justice institutions. A special focus is dedicated to the notion of ‘procedural justice‘, i.e. perceivedfairness of how these institutions exercise their authority, and supposed limitations of this concept for achievinghigher perception of legitimacy and law-abidance among population. Further, some complementingaims, such as endeavours to reach ‘materially’ just outcomes, or focuses on professionalization and higherefficiency in exercising entrusted powers, are being discussed. The author finally submits that, in order to sustainand foster institutional legitimacy in evolving Czech and Slovak democracies, much more attention hasto be paid to ensure that criminal justice institutions, i.e. the police, the public prosecution, the judiciary andthe correctional service, exercise their duties in a procedurally just, fair and respectful manner, in consistencywith the principle of proportionality, and in an effective and proficient pursuit of security.