DeriNet is a lexical network which models derivational and compositional relations in the lexicon of Czech. Nodes of the network correspond to Czech lexemes, while edges represent word-formational relations between a derived word and its base word / words.
The present version, DeriNet 2.2, contains:
- 1,040,127 lexemes (sampled from the MorfFlex CZ 2.0 dictionary), connected by
- 782,904 derivational,
- 50,511 orthographic variant,
- 6,336 compounding,
- 288 univerbation, and
- 135 conversion relations.
Compared to the previous version, version 2.1 contains an overhaul of the compounding annotation scheme, 4384 extra compounds, 83 more affixoid lexemes serving as bases for compounding, more parts of speech serving as bases for compounding (adverbs, pronouns, numerals), and several minor corrections of derivational relations.
DeriNet is a lexical network modeling derivational and compositional relations in Czech. The nodes of the network represent Czech lexemes, while the edges capture word-formational relations between derived words and their base word(s). The current version, DeriNet 2.3, introduces several key improvements over version 2.2:
(a) the set of 1,040,126 lexemes is aligned with the latest version of MorfFlex CZ (version 2.1),
(b) 5,781 derivational trees containing loanwords are enriched with etymological information specifying their origins, adopted from the Czech Etymological Lexicon,
(c) 8,867 new derivational and 1,262 new compound relations have been identified, resulting in a total of 791,771 derivational and 7,598 compound relations, and
(d) the morphological segmentation and classification of morphs have been significantly enhanced.
Let $R$ be a prime ring, $I$ a nonzero ideal of $R$, $d$ a derivation of $R$ and $m, n$ fixed positive integers. (i) If $(d[x,y])^{m}=[x,y]_{n}$ for all $x,y\in I$, then $R$ is commutative. (ii) If $\mathop {\rm Char}R\neq 2$ and $[d(x),d(y)]_{m}=[x,y]^{n}$ for all $x,y\in I$, then $R$ is commutative. Moreover, we also examine the case when $R$ is a semiprime ring.
Let $R$ be a prime ring of char $R\ne 2$ with a nonzero derivation $d$ and let $U$ be its noncentral Lie ideal. If for some fixed integers $n_1\ge 0, n_2\ge 0, n_3\ge 0$, $( u^{n_1}[d(u),u]u^{n_2})^{n_3}\in Z(R)$ for all $u \in U$, then $R$ satisfies $S_4$, the standard identity in four variables.
We identify some situations where mappings related to left centralizers, derivations and generalized (α, β)-derivations are free actions on semiprime rings. We show that for a left centralizer, or a derivation T, of a semiprime ring R the mapping ψ: R → R defined by ψ(x) = T(x)x − xT(x) for all x ∈ R is a free action. We also show that for a generalized (α, β)-derivation F of a semiprime ring R, with associated (α, β)-derivation d, a dependent element a of F is also a dependent element of α + d. Furthermore, we prove that for a centralizer f and a derivation d of a semiprime ring R, ψ = d ◦ f is a free action.
Let $R$ be a prime ring with its Utumi ring of quotients $U$ and extended centroid $C$. Suppose that $F$ is a generalized derivation of $R$ and $L$ is a noncentral Lie ideal of $R$ such that $F(u)[F(u),u]^n=0$ for all $u \in L$, where $n\geq 1$ is a fixed integer. Then one of the following holds: \begin {itemize} \item [(1)] there exists $\lambda \in C$ such that $F(x)=\lambda x$ for all $x\in R$; \item [(2)] $R$ satisfies $s_4$ and $F(x)=ax+xb$ for all $x\in R$, with $a, b\in U$ and $a-b\in C$; \item [(3)] $\mathop {\rm char}(R)=2$ and $R$ satisfies $s_4$. \end {itemize} As an application we also obtain some range inclusion results of continuous generalized derivations on Banach algebras.
Along with derivation, composition represents the second most important word-formative process in Czech, primarily with certain names (such as professional terms). The paper deals with two specific word-formative types of deverbative names of persons, traditionally referred to as nouns of agents (nomina agentis) -compounds with suffixes -tel and -č. These compound names, excerpted from the Czech National Corpus (SYN2010) and confronted with Czech dictionaries (including neologisms), are compared with parallel derived-names, namely in terms of onomasiological and semantic functions of their constituent parts. Their systemic and empirical (textual) productivity (based on corpora) is further considered. Presented analysis is a part of larger research of Czech compounds conducted currently by the author.
"Large Scale Colloquial Persian Dataset" (LSCP) is hierarchically organized in asemantic taxonomy that focuses on multi-task informal Persian language understanding as a comprehensive problem. LSCP includes 120M sentences from 27M casual Persian tweets with its dependency relations in syntactic annotation, Part-of-speech tags, sentiment polarity and automatic translation of original Persian sentences in five different languages (EN, CS, DE, IT, HI).
Let $R$ be a ring. We recall that $R$ is called a near pseudo-valuation ring if every minimal prime ideal of $R$ is strongly prime. Let now $\sigma $ be an automorphism of $R$ and $\delta $ a $\sigma $-derivation of $R$. Then $R$ is said to be an almost $\delta $-divided ring if every minimal prime ideal of $R$ is $\delta $-divided. Let $R$ be a Noetherian ring which is also an algebra over $\mathbb {Q}$ ($\mathbb {Q}$ is the field of rational numbers). Let $\sigma $ be an automorphism of $R$ such that $R$ is a $\sigma (*)$-ring and $\delta $ a $\sigma $-derivation of $R$ such that $\sigma (\delta (a)) = \delta (\sigma (a))$ for all $a \in R$. Further, if for any strongly prime ideal $U$ of $R$ with $\sigma (U) = U$ and $\delta (U)\subseteq \delta $, $U[x; \sigma , \delta ]$ is a strongly prime ideal of $R[x; \sigma , \delta ]$, then we prove the following: (1) $R$ is a near pseudo valuation ring if and only if the Ore extension $R[x; \sigma ,\delta ]$ is a near pseudo valuation ring. (2) $R$ is an almost $\delta $-divided ring if and only if $R[x;\sigma ,\delta ]$ is an almost $\delta $-divided ring.
The article presents a survey of the word-formation means used for the derivation of titles of documents. The focus is placed on the relationship between the semantic motivation and formal founding. The text tries to capture the extent of analogy of word-formation processes on the background of the relationship of langue and parole.