Explikácia patrí medzi kľúčové metódy analytickej filozofie. V tejto práci predstavujem návrh explicitného odlíšenia metódy explikácie od jej výsledku. V nadväznosti na prácu Rudolfa Carnapa sa snažím jeho explikačný projekt rozvinúť. Poukazujem na otvorené problémy Carnapovych kritérií adekvátnej explikácie; ukazujem, v čom sa explikácie od definícií líšia, aká je ich logická forma a ktoré explicitné kroky sú typické pre metódu explikácie. Napokon, približujem dôvody, pre ktoré je možné explikáciu (t.j. výsledok explikovania) chápať ako reláciu nahradenia medzi významovou charakterizáciou a definíciou určitého druhu., Explication belongs among the core methods of analytic philosophy. In the paper I propose to distinguish explicitely between the method of explication and its outcome. Building on the explication project of Rudolf Carnap, I attempt to elaborate upon his work. I point out the open issues arising from Carnap's criteria of adequate explication. I present the aspects in which explications differ from definitions, a logical form of explications as well as the explicit steps that are characteristic for the method of explication. Finally, I consider reasons to conceive explication (in the sense of a product of explicating) to be a relation between meaning characterization and an appropriate definition., and Lukáš Bielik.
Cieľom state je navrhnúť systematickú a vyčerpávajúcu klasifikáciu definícií. Táto klasifikácia vychádza z typológie, ktorú vypracoval Richard Robinson vo svojej knihe o definíciách, no v rôznych aspektoch ju ďalej dopracováva. Nová klasifikácia je založená na dvoch kritériách, a to kritériu predmetnosti a kritériu ilokučnej sily. Podľa kritéria predmetnosti možno definovať výrazy, pojmy, resp. objekty (v širokom zmysle); podľa kritéria ilokučnej sily možno zase rozlíšiť definície, ktoré opisujú existujúci systém, a definície, ktoré transformujú daný systém na nový systém. Napokon sa podľa týchto dvoch kritérií vyhodnocujú niektoré známe druhy definícií., The aim of the paper is proposing a classification of definitions that would be both systematic and exhaustive. The classification is built on the one developed by Richard Robinson in his book on definitions; Robinson’s classification is, however, further elaborated here in certain respects. The new classification is based on two criteria, namely the criterion of aboutness and the criterion of illocutionary force. According to the former, one may define either expressions or concepts or objects (broadly conceived); according to the latter, one may distinguish the definitions describing an existing system and the definitions transforming a system into a new one. Finally, certain well-known kinds of definitions are assessed with respect to the two criteria., and Marián Zouhar.
V súčasnosti možno identifikovať tri odlišné prístupy ku konceptualizácii kvality života (Dijkers, 2005): kvalita života ako subjektívna pohoda (subjective well-being), kvalita života ako úspech (achievement) a kvalita života ako úžitok (utility). V príspevku je stotožňovanie kvality života a subjektívnej pohody považované z hľadiska ďalšieho výskumu za obmedzujúce a v intenciách konceptualizácie kvality života ako úspechu - toho, čo osoba má, čo dosiahla a dosahuje, bol navrhnutý multidimenzionálny model významných oblastí kvality života. Šesť teoreticky postulovaných oblastí kvality života - psychická, fyzická, sociálna, environmentálna, kognitívna a spirituálna - bolo operacionalizovaných pomocou 36 položiek dotazníka, na ktoré skúmané osoby reagovali simultánne dvoma spôsobmi: hodnotili jednotlivé oblasti pomocou odpoveďovej stupnice dobrý - zlý (kvalita) a spokojný - nespokojný (spokojnosť). Na súbore 93 adolescentov boli pomocou faktorovej analýzy namiesto šiestich teoreticky postulovaných významných oblastí kvality života identifikované tri: psychicko-sociálna, kognitívno- spirituálna a environmentálna oblasť. Reakcie na identické položky sa v prípade 7 zo 14 položiek, ktoré tvorili tri extrahované faktory, štatisticky významne líšili: hodnotenie pomocou stupnice dobrý - zlý a hodnotenie pomocou stupnice spokojný - nespokojný produkovalo v prípade 50 % položiek odpovede so štatisticky významne odlišnou varianciou. V ďalšom výskume je zámerom overiť faktorovú štruktúru na iných súboroch a overiť predpokladanú vhodnosť hodnotenia na stupnici kvalita pred stupnicou spokojnosť., At present there can be identified three different approaches to the conceptualization of QoL (Dijkers, 2005): quality of life as subjective well-being, quality of life as achievement, and quality of life as utility. In light of further research, the paper considers the identification of quality of life with subjective well-being as restrictive, and proposes a multidimensional model of significant areas of quality of life which falls within its conceptualization as achievement, i.e. as what a person has already achieved or has been achieving. Six theoretically postulated areas of quality of life, viz. psychological, physical, social, environmental, cognitive and spiritual, are operationalized through 36 items to which respondents offered simultaneous two types of responses whereby they assessed individual areas using the ’good-bad’ (quality) and ’satisfied - dissatisfied’ (satisfaction) response scales respectively. On the sample of 93 adolescents, and with the use of factor analysis, three areas, instead of six, of theoretically postulated significant areas of quality of life were identified, viz. psycho-social, cognitive-spiritual and environmental. Reactions to identical items, in the case of 7 out of 14 items, which represented three extracted factors, differed significantly: the assessment using the ’good-bad’ scale and that using the ’satisfied - dissatisfied’ scale produces in the case of 50% of items responses with statistically significant difference in variation. Our ensuing research will attempt to verify the factor structure on other items and the assumption that the assessment using the quality scale is more appropriate than that using the satisfaction scale., and Jozef Džuka.
We present new sharp embedding theorems for mixed-norm analytic spaces in pseudoconvex domains with smooth boundary. New related sharp results in minimal bounded homogeneous domains in higher dimension are also provided. Last domains we consider are domains which are direct generalizations of the well-studied so-called bounded symmetric domains in Cn. Our results were known before only in the very particular case of domains of such type in the unit ball. As in the unit ball case, all our proofs are heavily based on nice properties of the r-lattice. Some results of this paper can be also obtained in some unbounded domains, namely tubular domains over symmetric cones., Romi F. Shamoyan, Olivera R. Mihić., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Statin-associated myopathy (SAM) represents a broad spectrum of disorders from insignificant myalgia to fatal rhabdomyolysis. Its frequency ranges from 1-5 % in clinical trials to 15-20 % in everyday clinical practice. To a large extent, these variations can be explained by the definition used. Thus, we propose a scoring system to classify statin-induced myopathy according to clinical and biochemical criteria as 1) possible, 2) probable or 3) definite. The etiology of this disorder remains poorly understood. Most probably, an underlying genetic cause is necessary for overt SAM to develop. Variants in a few gene groups that encode proteins involved in: i) statin metabolism and distribution (e.g. membrane transporters and enzymes; OATP1B1, ABCA1, MRP, CYP3A4), ii) coenzyme Q10 production (e.g. COQ10A and B), iii) energy metabolism of muscle tissue (e.g. PYGM, GAA, CPT2) and several others have been proposed as candidates which can predispose to SAM. Pharmacological properties of individual statin molecules (e.g. lipophilicity, excretion pathways) and patients´ characteristics influence the likelihood of SAM development. This review summarizes current data as well as our own results., M. Vrablik, L. Zlatohlavek, T. Stulc, V. Adamkova, M. Prusikova, L. Schwarzova, J. A. Hubacek, R. Ceska., and Obsahuje bibliografii