Building on historical narrative and social-theoretical analysis, Fraser explores the place of second-wave feminism in relation to three specific moments in the history of capitalism. The first point refers to the movement’s beginnings in the context of ‘state-organized capitalism’. The second point refers to the process of feminism’s evolution in the dramatically changed social context of rising neoliberalism. And the third point refers to a possible reorientation of feminism in the present context of capitalist crisis and US political realignment, which for her could mark the beginning of a shift from neoliberalism to a new form of social organization. Orienting her analysis around four key points of feminist critique-androcentrism, economism, étatism and Westphalianism-Fraser charts a fascinating journey of second-wave feminism since the 1960s to identify a “dangerous liaison” second-wave feminism developed with capitalism. She concludes that in order to reclaim second-wave feminism as a robust critique conjoining both claims for recognition and redistribution- which were unlinked during the period of rising neoliberalism-eminism needs to become more historically self-aware., Nancy Fraser ; přeložila Marcela Linková., and Přeloženo z : New Left Review 56/2009
The article introduces feminist political economy as an analytical tool or interpretative frame for exploring current economic crisis. In the beginning of the article, the authors focus on the wider context of feminist theories and approaches to capitalism within their development. The point is to show that contemporary feminist critiques of global capitalism tie in with the earlier tradition of feminist thought. In the next part, the authors introduce the theoretical grounds and basic theses of feminist political economy through the work of V. Spike Peterson and J. K. Gibson-Graham. The last part of the article focuses on specific issues linked to the current crisis of global capitalism and on the questions raised by this approach. The main questions are: how can we describe the crisis and what solutions can we search for? Is it a crisis of the hegemonic capitalist mode of production, a crisis of the capitalocentrist order, or just a crisis of certain institutions? Is the current economic crisis only a negative phenomenon, or does it open the way to establishing alternative paradigms to that of the global hegemony of capitalism?, Veronika Šprincová, Miroslav Jašurek., Obsahuje bibliografii, and Anglické resumé
This article argues that building an eco-socialist concept of sustainable development must be based on realistic understandings of natural processes and meaningful axiology. First, it focuses on the conflict between Malthus and Marx, which foreshadows modern debates between ecology and socialism. Malthus’s ideas are preferred because in the last instance his principles are logically and ontologically persuasive and empirically relevant. The second part attempts to develop a Marxist perspective on ecological thinking, connecting Marxist economics and thermodynamics using the work of Sergei Podolinsky. This unusual perspective leads to the general conclusion that the ultimate goal of human production is the most effective resistance to the second law of thermodynamics. From these considerations the article derives a norm (value) which states that such resistance should be the supreme goal of advanced civilization. Because life in general is the best counter-entropic barrier, it follows that humanity should strive to expand and develop life. The Marxist critiques of capitalism and of the history of class societies in general are based on the broad notion of “alienation”, which is understood by Marx himself as the opposite of “real life.” Therefore, alienation can be understood as a form of entropy. The biological term “compartmentation” is then used to compare the architecture of biological entities and social systems. Effective compartmentation prevents entropy. Therefore, the study of compartmentation in social entities (capitalism) may indicate where alienation might be structurally incorporated. The article argues that the problem in the last instance is the spatio-temporal scaling of social entities and that all eco-social problems ultimately lie in imperfect interconnection, spatio-temporal and energy scaling or continuity between social entities and between natural and social entities. The conclusion is that we need a completely different metabolic system that mediates the interaction of society and nature.