Recenzent obšírně představuje práci, jež je podrobnou analýzou vybraných případů poválečných nucených vnitrostátních migrací v Československu. Její autor Tomáš Dvořák důkladně rekonstruuje přípravy a realizaci přesídlení a „rozptýlení“ desetitisíců neodsunutých německých obyvatel do českého a moravského vnitrozemí, jakož i přesunu dalších tisíců Němců do oblasti uranových dolů na Jáchymovsko, kde tak vznikl nový svébytný německojazyčný ostrov. Tyto migrace lze chápat jako svého druhu pokračování „velkého odsunu“ většiny Němců z Československa. Nejdetailnější pozornost věnuje osudu několika stovek moravských Chorvatů ze tří obcí blízko rakouské hranice na jižní Moravě, kdy se jednalo o kompletní deportaci celé této národnostní menšiny. Recenzent lituje, že případům dalších uskutečněných nebo jen zamýšlených přesunů skupin obyvatel na československém území (slovenští Maďaři, obyvatelé pohraničních zón, Poláci ve Slezsku) se zde dostalo jen souhrnného zpracování. Recenze oceňuje, že autor nepopisuje pouze jednotlivé procesy hromadných přesídlení, nýbrž podává také dosti výstižný obraz fungování československé společnosti a československých státních a bezpečnostních složek v poválečné době., The reviewer presents this publication, whose title translates as ‘Internal transfer, 1947-53: The final phase in the “purging of the borderlands” in the political and social contexts of post-war Czechoslovakia’, as a detailed analysis of select cases of forced migration in Czechoslovakia after the Second World War. The author of the work, Tomáš Dvořák, has, according to the reviewer, thoroughly reconstructed the preparation and execution of the resettlement and the ‘dispersal’ of tens of thousands of unexpelled German Czechoslovaks to the Bohemian and Moravian interior, as well as the transfer of thousands of other Germans to the area of the uranium mines in the Jáchymov region, thus creating a distinctive new island of German speakers. It is reasonable to see these migrations as a continuation of the ‘great transfer’ of most of the Germans of Czechoslovakia. The most attention is paid in the book to the fate of several hundred Moravian Croatians from three rural districts in south Moravia near the Austrian frontier, the complete deportation of a whole ethnic minority. The reviewer regrets that the other unexecuted or only planned transfers of other groups of the population of Czechoslovakia (Slovak Hungarians, inhabitants of zones in the borderlands, Poles of Silesia) are only generally considered here. The reviewer does, however, appreciate that the author not only discusses the individual processes of mass resettlement, but also provides a vivid picture of the workings of Czechoslovak society and the Czechoslovak authorities and secret police in the post-war period., [autor recenze] David Kovařík., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This paper focuses on the memoirs of František Ježek, politician and member of the Czechoslovak National Democratic Party (after 1935 the National Union). In 1938 Ježek was a member of the Czechoslovak cabinet as the Minister of Public Health. His text is one of the most important unpublished Czechoslovak memoirs dealing with the topic of the Munich Agreement in 1938. This manuscript provides detailed information on the activities of the Czechoslovak government and political parties in the critical year of 1938. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
Communist Czechoslovakia was looking for opportunities for ideological action in western countries at the turn of the 1950s and 1960s. It should have the widest possible range, at the same time it had to be however so inconspicuous so that it did not prompt a negative reaction of local authorities. Purpose-built updating of selected anniversaries of historical events was an interesting tool of Czechoslovak propaganda. In the case of France, particularly events related to Germany were remembered. Actually, the aim of that propaganda was – first of all – to point out the alleged danger arising from the cooperation of western countries with the Federal Republic of Germany, which resulted for example in the Élysée Treaty in 1963.
The Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, a body of the Holy See, reviewed the situation in "troublesome" Czechoslovakia several times between 1919 and 1928. From 1925 to 1927 the Congress dealt almost exclusively with diplomatic conflict surrounding the Hus Memorial Day on 6 July.
This article draws upon the remarkable diaries of Vojtěch Berger
to offer an original perspective on left-wing politics and the transformative effects of war, occupation, and violence in early twentieth-century Central Europe. Berger, a trained carpenter from southern Bohemia, began writing a diary at the turn of the century when he was a member of the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party in Vienna. He continued to write as he fought for the Habsburg monarchy during World War I; moved to Prague and joined the Communist Party; endured the Nazi occupation; and questioned the
Communist Party, and his place in it, after liberation in 1945. Berger’s diary speaks to two constituencies that deserve more attention from historians: Czech-speaking veterans of World War I and rank-and-file members of the interwar Communist Party. The article argues that Berger’s politics, while informed by his experiences and framed by party ideologies and structures,
obtained significance through relationships with like-minded “comrades”. Furthermore, the article examines how Berger used his diary to create political self-understanding, to fashion a political self. Each world war, the article concludes, threw this sense of self into disarray. Each world war also spurred Berger to reshape his political self, and with that to reconstitute his political beliefs, his public relationships, and his sense of belonging in the world. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
The study stems from the author’s long-time interest in the history of the Czechoslovak foreign resistance during the Great War, particularly in Russia. As to its sources, it draws from a collection of published recollections of Czechoslovak legionnaires and their autobiographic novels and other texts of prose. The author attempts to reconstruct the picture of the return of Czechoslovak legions from Russia to their home country; due to the nature of his sources, however, his intention is not to convey an authentic experience of the return in the fi rst days and weeks, but rather to examine the construct created by the legionnaires’ memories and novels. In this respect, he makes use of, in particular, Anglo-Saxon historical literature dealing with similar topics. The key issues include how individuals or whole social groups were coping with the reality of the newborn republic, which was rather different from the visions of the home country they had been dreaming about while away. An important factor affecting their refl ections was also the required political nonaffi liation of organizations of legionnaires, as well as the criticism of the situation not just among the veterans, but in the entire society. The extent of the idealization of Russia, which was a fairly frequent phenomenon among them, was directly proportional to the disillusionment after their return, and was a mirror image of their previous idealization of home while they had been in Russia. In the author’s opinion, the topic of the return of Czechoslovak legions home and their life in their home country is far from exhausted; this is why the present study should be just a springboard to further broadly conceived research. and Přeložil Jiří Mareš
Text reflektuje postavení podniku pro zahraniční obchod (PZO) Artia ve struktuře tuzemských hudebních vydavatelství v období normalizace s cílem přiblížit modus operandi exportně orientované hudebně vydavatelské činnosti v Československu. V porovnání s hudebními vydavatelstvími zaměřenými na domácí trh se Artia odlišovala svou koncepcí ediční i obchodní politiky, u níž ideologický a estetický diktát determinovaný systémem řízení a kontroly kulturní tvorby ustupoval obchodním zájmům Ministerstva zahraničního obchodu. Sledování dynamicky se proměňujícího střetu ideologických a ekonomických zájmů v oblasti kultury je zajímavé zejména v období nastupující normalizace charakteristické zesílenou kontrolou ideologické čistoty uměleckého projevu, a nejen proto je toto téma vhodné pro všechny zájemce o multidisciplinární zkoumání kulturních dějin Československa., The article reflects the position of a foreign trade enterprise called Artia within Czechoslovak music industry. The primary goal is to reveal the modus operandi of the music industry in international trading on the example of Artia. Given its export orientation, Artia was a specific organization dealing more than other Czechoslovak record companies with commercial success instead of ideological and aesthetical issues in its editorial policy. Such an approach was dramatically challenged in the period of „normalization“ (1969-1989) when ideological requirements on record companies were reinforced in the system of management and control of cultural production in Czechoslovakia. Artia, therefore, is a suitable object for exploring the relationship between ideological and commercial aspects of cultural production in Czechoslovakia from a multidisciplinary perspective., Martin Husák., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This study deals with the view of Václav Červinka, son-in-low of František Ladislav Rieger, administrator of Rieger's estate Maleč and a man of many intellectual interests, on radical changes of the Central Europe at the turn of the 20th century, especially destruction of traditional political, economic, social and cultural structures, outbreak of the First World War, collapse of the Austria-Hungary and estabilishment of the independent Czechoslovakia. It is shown, how Červinka, as a man who was closely tied to the traditional conservative policy and politicians of the end of the 19th century, evaluated all these changes and what was his reaction, e. g. in his literary work.
Autor podle recenzenta zpracoval precizní, faktograficky bohatou a čtivou analýzu politických a diplomatických vztahů mezi Československem a Itáliím ve dvacátých letech minulého století, která je časově vymezena nástupem Mussoliniho fašistů k moci a ukončením smluvně založené spolupráce obou zemí. Tím se mu víceméně podařilo vyplnit jedno „bílé místo“ na mapě mezinárodních vztahů první Československé republiky. Recenzent mimo jiné oceňuje široké využití italských archivních pramenů a kritické hodnocení činů ministra zahraničí Edvarda Beneše, na druhé straně postrádá zachycení hospodářských vztahů mezi Prahou a Římem., Ondřej Houska, the author of the work under review (whose title translates as Prague against Rome: Czechoslovak-Italian Relations, 1922–29), has, according to the reviewer, created a readable work, based on the careful analysis of a great deal of information, about Czechoslovak-Italian political and diplomatic relations in the 1920s, from the coming to power of Mussolini and his Fascists to the breakdown of treaty-based cooperation between the two countries. In this way, he has largely succeeded in filling a gap in our knowledge of the international relations of the first Czechoslovak Republic. The reviewer praises, among other things, Houska’s use of a broad range of Italian archive records and his critical assessment of the actions of the Czechoslovak Minister of Foreign Affairs, Edvard Beneš (1884–1948). He argues, however, that the author has neglected economic relations between Prague and Rome., and [autor recenze] Miroslav Šepták.