Tapeworms of the genus Caryophyllaeus Gmelin, 1790 (Caryophyllidea: Caryophyllaeidae), common parasites of cyprinid fishes, are reviewed and taxonomic status of 42 nominal taxa that have been placed in the genus during its long history is clarified. The following seven species occurring in the Palaearctic Region are recognised as valid: C. laticeps (Pallas, 1781), C. auriculatus (Kulakovskaya, 1961), C. balticus (Szidat, 1941) comb. n. (syn. Khawia baltica Szidat, 1941), C. brachycollis Janiszewska, 1953, C. fimbriceps Annenkova-Chlopina, 1919, C. syrdarjensis Skrjabin, 1913, and newly described Caryophyllaeus chondrostomi sp. n. (= C. laticeps morphotype 4 of Bazsalovicsová et al., 2014) from common nase, Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus), found in Austria and Slovakia. The new species differs by the paramuscular or cortical position of preovarian vitelline follicles, a large, robust body (up to 64 mm long), conspicuously long vas deferens, flabellate scolex with small wrinkles on the anterior margin, and anteriormost testes located in a relatively short distance from the anterior extremity. Caryophyllaeus kashmirenses Mehra, 1930 and Caryophyllaeus prussicus (Szidat, 1937) comb. n. are considered to be species inquirendae, C. truncatus von Siebold in Baird, 1853 and C. tuba von Siebold in Baird, 1853 are nomina nuda. Data on the morphology, host spectra, distribution and known life-cycles of valid species are provided. Phylogenetic interrelations of four species of the genus including its type species and newly described C. chondrostomi were assessed based on an analysis of sequences of lsrDNA and cox1. A key to identification of all valid species of Caryophyllaeus is also provided., Daniel Barčák, Mikuláš Oros, Vladimíra Hanzelová, Tomáš Scholz., and Obsahuje bibliografii
A new species of Iberian cyprinid fish, Chondrostoma almacai, from the southwest of Portugal is described. Distribution area includes the Mira, Arade and Bensafrim drainages, previously considered to be inhabited by another phylogenetically related taxon, Chondrostoma lusitanicum. Chondrostoma almacai sp. nov. and C. lusitanicum present important morphological similarities, though significant differences were found for meristic and morphometric characters. The main diagnostic characters for C. almacai are the higher number of scales on the lateral line and above the lateral line, the lower number of right pharyngeal teeth, the longer snout and the smaller head depth. Furthermore, the new species has a small number of gill rakers and a larger predorsal distance, pelvic fin length and eye diameter. Previous molecular data, both mtDNA and nuclear markers (allozymes), suggested that C. almacai and C. lusitanicum are strongly differentiated sister-species. The morphological variability and geographic distribution of C. lusitanicum are reviewed and the most southerly populations from the southwest of Portugal are now recognized as the new species, C. almacai. It is recommended that both species be considered Critically Endangered according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria [B1ab(ii,iii,iv)c(iv)+2ab(ii,iii,iv)c(iv) for C. almacai and A2ce+3ce+4ce for C. lusitanicum].
Myxobolus pseudodispar Gorbunova, 1936 (Myxozoa) is capable of infecting and developing mature myxospores in several cyprinid species. However, M. pseudodispar isolates from different fish show up to 5% differences in the SSU rDNA sequences. This is an unusually large intraspecific difference for myxozoans and only some of the muscle-dwelling myxozoan species possess such a high genetic variability. We intended to study the correlation between the host specificity and the phylogenetic relationship of the parasite isolates, and to find experimental proof for the putatively wide host range of M. pseudodispar with cross-infection experiments and phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA. The experimental findings distinguished 'primary' and less-susceptible 'secondary' hosts. With some exceptions, M. pseudodispar isolates showed a tendency to cluster according to the fish host on the phylogenetic tree. Experimental and phylogenetic findings suggest the cryptic nature of the species. It is likely that host-shift occurred for M. pseudodispar and the parasite speciation in progress might explain the high genetic diversity among isolates which are morphologically indistinguishable., Barbara Forró, Edit Eszterbauer., and Obsahuje bibliografii
A new nematode species, Rhabdochona (Globochona) rasborae sp. n. (Rhabdochonidae), is described from the intestine of the freshwater cyprinid fish (sidestripe rasbora) Rasbora paviana Tirant in the Bangbaimai Subdistrict, Muang District, Surat Thani Province, southern Thailand. It differs from other representatives of the subgenus Globochona Moravec, 1972 which possess eggs provided with lateral swellings in having a spinose formation at the tail tip of both sexes and in some other morphological features, such as the body length of gravid female (8.6-23.7 mm), presence of two-three swellings on the egg, eight anterior prostomal teeth, length ratio of spicules (1 : 5.3-6.7) and arrangement of male genital papillae. This is the third nominal species of Rhabdochona Railliet, 1916 and the second species of the subgenus Globochona reported from fishes in Thailand. The three species of Rhabdochona recently described from fishes in Pakistan, viz. R. annai Kakar, Bilqees et Khan, 2012, R. bifurcatum [sic] Kakar et Bilqees, 2012, and R. pakistanica Kakar, Bilqees et Khan, 2012, are considered to be species inquirendae.
The process of oogenesis of C. chalcoides living in Lake Tödürge was histologically studied from monthly samples during April–November 2000. The process was divided into five stages (previtellogenic, cytoplasmic growth, vitellogenic growth, yolk oocyte and mature oocyte). Oocytes of the previtellogenic and mature phases were mainly seen in July and May, respectively. Oocytes and nuclei diameters were observed between 38–1470 μm and 29–270 μ m until ovulation. C. chalcoides is thus considered to be synchronous. The ovulation period started in late May and ended in the beginning of July.
Khawia abbottinae sp. n. is described from the Chinese false gudgeon, Abbottina rivularis (Basilewsky) (Cyprinidae: Gobioninae), from the Yangtze River basin in China. The new species can be distinguished from the congeneric species mainly by the arrangements of the testes, which form two longitudinal bands (other congeneric species have the testes irregularly scattered throughout the testicular region) and their number (at maximum 85 testes versus at least 160 in the other Khawia spp.), and the morphology of the scolex, which varies from cuneiform to widely bulbate scolex, being separated from the remaining body by a short neck and possessing a smooth, blunt or rounded anterior margin. Other typical features of K. abbottinae are its small size (total length less than 1.5 cm) and body shape, with the maximum width at its first third. The distinct status of the new species was confirmed by molecular data (ssrDNA and ITS1 sequences). Phylogenetic analyses revealed a close relationship of the new species with K. rossittensis (Szidat, 1937) and K. parva (Zmeev, 1936), parasites of crucian carp and goldfish (Carassius spp.), but both species markedly differ from K. abbottinae in their morphology. Until now, five valid species of Khawia (K. abbottinae, K. japonensis, K. rossittensis, K. saurogobii and K. sinensis) have been reported from China.
Myxobolus taibaiensis sp. n. was found in the inner intestinal wall of common carp, Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, during the investigation of fish parasite fauna in Lake Taibai, located in the middle reach of the Yangtze River, China. The whitish ellipsoidal plasmodia, up to 2.9 mm long and 1.7 mm wide, developed in the circular muscle layer of the intestinal wall and produced significant compression into adjacent tissues, but no significant inflammatory responses were observed against this infection. Mature spores are oval in frontal view and lemon-like in lateral and apical view, averaging 10.2-11.2 µm (10.8 ± 0.2 µm) in length, 9.1-9.9 µm (9.6 ± 0.2 µm) in width and 6.1-6.6 µm (6.3 ± 0.1 µm) in thickness. Polar capsules are pyriform, equal in size, slightly converging anteriorly, measuring 4.4-5.4 µm (5.0 ± 0.2 µm) in length by 3.2-3.6 µm (3.4 ± 0.1 µm) in width. Polar filaments coiled with four to five turns and arranged perpendicular to the polar capsule length, measuring up to 106 µm. Myxobolus taibaiensis sp. n. is morphologically similar to Myxobolus rotundatus Achmerov, 1956 which also infects the inner wall of the intestine of common carp. However, the small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence identity was only 94%, generally beyond the intraspecies variation in the genus. Phylogenetically, this new species is sister to M. rotundatus and then clusters with M. shantungensis Hu, 1965 to form an independent common carp-infecting cluster within the Henneguya-Myxobolus clade., Xinhua Liu, Congjie Hua, Qianqian Zhang, Yuanli Zhao, Dong Zhang, Jinyong Zhang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
It is widely accepted that cyprinid fishes have not more than three rows of teeth developed on each pharyngeal jaw. In this study we describe the East African cyprinid Rastrineobola argentea, with typically four rows of pharyngeal teeth developed on the pharyngeal jaw, a unique feature for the Cyprinidae. Generally the fourth row of Rastrineobola argentea is formed by one tooth, less commonly by two teeth. In a few specimens a fifth arbitrary tooth row occurs asymmetrically either on the left or on the right half of the pharyngeal jaw.
During a regular veterinary inspection of fishes from Lake Balaton, Hungary, echinostomatid metacercariae (Digenea), with collar spines characteristic of species of the genera Petasiger Dietz, 1909 and Paryphostomum Dietz, 1909, were found in the lateral line scales of a roach Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus), an apparently unique site. In a subsequent examination of 586 fishes from 20 different species, similar infections were found in 11 species. The infection was virtually restricted to the lateral line scales, other scales being infected only incidentally. These encysted metacercariae had 27 collar spines, including eight larger angle spines and 19 smaller dorsal spines arranged in two rows. Two types of metacercarial cyst were found. One type had a cyst diameter of 138-171 µm × 105-120 µm and three central dorsal spines that were larger than the remainder and tended to resemble the angle spines. The second type of metacercarial cyst had a diameter of 128-157 µm × 105-115 µm and all 19 dorsal spines of the metacercaria were of a similar size. ITS sequences of the second type of metacercaria exhibited a 100% similarity to sequences of two adult Petasiger phalacrocoracis (Yamaguti, 1939) specimens collected from the gut of Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnaeus) in Hungary and to P. phalacrocoracis deposited in the GenBank database. Sequences obtained from two metacercariae of the first type showed a 2.8-2.9 % difference from sequences of the second type of metacercaria and from those of adult specimens of P. phalacrocoracis from cormorants. Based on these results, the second type metacercaria is considered to be a larval stage of P. phalacrocoracis, but the identity of the first type is uncertain. The unusual location of these metacercariae in the lateral line scales is discussed in relation to their transmission., Kálmán Molnár, David I. Gibson, Gábor Cech, Melitta Papp, Petra Deák-Paulus, Lajos Juhász, Norbert Tóth, Csaba Székely., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Tanichthys albiventris, new species, from the River Jiangping in Dongxing City, Guangxi Province is distinguished from Tanichthys albonubes by the presence of a reddish-orange dorsal-fin margin (vs. white) and 9-10 (9 in mode) branched anal-fin rays (vs. 8 in mode). Tanichthys flavianalis, new species, from the River Jiuqu in Qionghai City, Hainan Province is distinguished from T. albiventris and T. albonubes by the presence of a golden anal-fin margin (vs. white) and 7 (rarely 6) branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 6 in mode). In T. albiventris, T. albonubes, and T. flavianalis the black lateral stripe is located on the dorsal half of the flank, distinguishing them from Tanichthys kuehnei and Tanichthys micagemmae, in which it is mid-lateral. Tanichthys thabacensis is different from all other species of Tanichthys in the shape of the mouth and insertion of the anal fin; it is tentatively referred to as Aphyocypris.