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2. Acanthocephalans of the family Centrorhynchidae (Palaeacanthocephala) from Bulgaria
- Creator:
- Dimitrova, Zlatka M., Georgiev, Boyko B., and Genov, Todor
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Acanthocephala, Centrorhynchidae, birds, morphology, and Bulgaria
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Five species of acanthocephalans of the family Centrorhynchidae are recorded from birds in Bulgaria: Centrorhynchus amphihius Das, 1950 from Buteo buteo (L.) (new host record), C. glohocaudatus (Zeder. 1800) Luhe, 1911 from Falco tin-nunculus L. and F. vespertinus L, (new host record), Sphaerimstris picae (Rudolphi, 1819) Golvan, 1960 from Pica pica (L.) and Lanius excuhitor L. (new host record), S. lancea (Westrumb, 1821) Golvan, 1960 from Vanellus vanellus (L.), and S. turili (Yamaguti, 1939) Golvan, 1960 from Turdus merula L„ Cinclus cinclus (L.) (new host record) and Stumus vulgaris L. (new host record). New geographical record for Europe is this of C. amphihius, and for Bulgaria - this of S. lurdi. The species are described and figured on the basis of Bulgarian specimens. Sphaerimstris picae is recognized as a valid species and S. teres is considered its synonym. A male of S. picae with a copulatory cap is reported.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3. Activity levels and predator detection by amphipods infected with an acanthocephalan parasite, Pomphorhynchus laevis
- Creator:
- Dezfuli, Bahram S., Maynard, Barbara J., and Wellnitz, Todd A.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Acanthocephala, Pomphorhynchus laevis, parasitized crustacean, Echinogammarus stammeri, and alteration of host activity
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The acanthocephalan parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis (Müller, 1776) uses freshwater amphipods as its intermediate host. In order to complete the life cycle, the infected amphipod must be consumed by a fish, where the acanthocephalan will mature and reproduce. Parasite transmission, and therefore fitness, could be enhanced if infected amphipods fail to detect or avoid predatory fish. We compared the activity levels of infected and non-infected amphipods, Echinogammarus stammeri (Karaman, 1931), in both the presence and absence of odours from its natural, definitive host, the fish Leuciscus cephalus (L.). Throughout the experiment, infected amphipods were more active than were non-infected individuals. The non-infected amphipods reduced their activity after the addition of fish odours, but the infected amphipods failed to show a significant decrease. The failure of infected amphipods to reduce activity levels in the presence of fish odour may reflect a parasite strategy to increase its chances of transmission by making its amphipod host more vulnerable to predation by fish.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4. Cestoda and Acanthocephala of fishes from cenotes (= sinkholes) of Yucatan, Mexico
- Creator:
- Scholz, Tomáš, Vargas-Vázquez, Joaquin, Moravec, Frantisek, Vivas-Rodríguez, Clara, and Mendoza-Franco, Edgar
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Cestoda, Acanthocephala, fish, cenotes, Yucatan, Mexico, and zoogeography
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- During a study on parasites of fish from cenotes (= sinkholes) in the Yucatan Peninsula, the following cestodes and acanthocephalans were found in 581 freshwater fish of 15 species: the cestodes Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934, Bothriocephalus sp. (Bothriocephalidae), Nomimascolex sp. (Monticellidae), Proteocephalidea gen. sp. larv., Dendrouterina pa-pillifera (Fuhrmann, 1908) larv. and D. pilherodiae Mahon, 1956 larv. (Dilepididae), and the acanthocephalans Octospinifer-oides chandleri Bullock, 1957, Neoechinorhynchus golvani Salgado-Maldonado, 1978 (Neoechinorhynchidae), Polymorphus (syn. Arhythmorhynchus) brevis (Van Cleave, 1916) larv. (Polymorphidae), and an echinorhynchid larva. With the exception of B. acheilognathi, all tapeworms are found in Mexico for the first time; second-stage larvae of D. papillifera and D. pilherodiae from fish are reported for the first time.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
5. Colonisation and extinction in relation to competition and resource partitioning in acanthocephalans of freshwater fishes of the British Isles
- Creator:
- Lyndon, Alastair R. and Kennedy, Clive R.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Acanthocephala, colonisation, extinction, fish, persistence, and resource partitioning
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This paper challenges two paradigms long held in relation to the ecology of parasites in freshwater systems: (1) autogenic species are poorer colonisers than allogenic ones; and (2) parasites with direct life cycles are more successful colonisers than those with complex life cycles. Using new and existing data for Acanthocephala in freshwater fish from the British Isles, it is suggested that all six species present have been able to colonise and persist successfully, in spite of the supposed limitations of their autogenic life-style. It is proposed that these parasites have overcome these limitations by a variety of means, which apply equally to all species considered. Foremost among these is the utilisation of a migratory fish host as either a preferred or a suitable host in their life cycle, allowing colonisation of new areas and rescue effects in established areas, whilst equally important is the use of a common and widespread crustacean as the intermediate host. In addition, all six species appear to exhibit resource partitioning by host at either or both the larval and adult stages, thus reducing the potential for competition and further facilitating colonisation and survival. This hypothesis is supported by data from previous studies both on acanthocephalans from Europe and North America and on other autogenic parasites. It also provides an explanation for the apparently atypical host utilisation patterns of some acanthocephalan species in areas on the edge of their distributions, notably in Ireland.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
6. Endoparasitic helminths of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla, from four disconnected meanders from the rivers Leie and Scheldt in western Flanders, Belgium
- Creator:
- Schabuss, Michael, Konecny, Robert, Belpaire, Claude, and Schiemer, Fritz
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Proteocephalus macrocephalus, Bothriocephalus claviceps, Anguillicola crassus, Camallanus lacustris, Acanthocephala, parasite community, European eel, and Belgium
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The endoparasitic helminth communities of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.), were investigated in four meanders, cut off from the rivers Leie and Scheldt in western Handers, Belgium. Six species of helminths (2 cestodes, 2 nematodes and 2 acanthocephalans) were found. The dominant parasite species was the nematode Anguillicola crassus (Kuwahara, Niimi et Itagaki, 1974) infecting 79% of the eel population with intensities up to 112 specimens per fish. At two localities no acanthocephalans could be found, whereas these parasites were very common at the other sites. The prevalence, mean intensity, intensity and abundance, their correlation to the body length, and the frequency distributions were analysed. The site selection of parasites is in relation to food composition and feeding habits of eels, physiological and structural differences in the intestine and possible interspecific competition were discussed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7. Hypoechinorhynchus robustus sp. n. from Notolabrus parilus (Labridae) from Western Australia with a discussion on the validity of the Hypoechinorhynchidae (Acanthocephala: Palaeacanthocephala)
- Creator:
- Pichelin, Sylvie
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Acanthocephala, Hypoechinorhynchus robustus, Hypoechinorhynchidae, Arhythmacanthidae, Notolabrus, Labridae, Australia, and taxonomy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Hypoechinorhynchus robustus sp. n. is described from Notolabrus parilus (Richardson) (Labridae) from Pt Peron, Western Australia. It has a proboscis with 30 hooks arranged in ten longitudinal rows: 5 rows of a small apical spine, a large anterior hook and a small posterior spine, 5 rows of a large anterior hook, a middle spine and a posterior spine. The new species is distinguished from other species of the genus by having a set of 5 small apical spines anterior to the large hooks on the proboscis, by having lemnisci that barely exlend beyond the proboscis receptacle and testes which are more adjacent than tandem. II. robustus also has robust trunk spines anteriorly. Re-examination of Hypoechinorhynchus alaeopis Yamaguti, 1939 (type species) revealed trunk spines that had been overlooked previously. The Hypoechinorhynchidae is made a junior synonym of Arhythmacanthidae because there is considerable overlap between the two family diagnoses, particularly in that both families have a proboscis armature that changes abruptly from small basal spines to large apical (or subapical if present) hooks. The genus Hypoechinorhynchus is placed in the subfamily Arhythmacanthinae because it has trunk spines and a spherical proboscis with few hooks (relative to other arhythmacanthid genera). It is also proposed that Ileterosentis magellanicus (Szidat, 1950) be returned to the genus Hypoechinorhynchus since it was transferred to Heterosentis primarily because it had trunk spines. The other hypoechinorhynchid genus contained only Bolborhynchoides exiguus (Achmerov el Dombrowskaja-Achmcrova, 1941) Achmerov, 1959 and is relegated to incertae sedis.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
8. Morphological and complete mitogenomic characterisation of the acanthocephalan Polymorphus minutus infecting the duck Anas platyrhynchos
- Creator:
- Sarwar, Huda, Zhao, Wen-ting, Jepkorir Kibet, Caroline, Sitko, Jiljí, and Nie, Pin
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Acanthocephala, Palaeanthocephala, morphological characteristics, mitochondrial genome, and Polymorphida
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Morphological characteristics of the acanthocephalan Polymorphus minutus (Goeze, 1782), which was collected from the duck Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus in the Czech Republic, are described. The mitochondrial (mt) genome of P. minutus was sequenced, with a total length of 14,149 bp, comprising 36 genes including 12 protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and two ribosomal RNA genes (rrnL and rrnS). This genome is similar to the mt genomes of other syndermatan species. All these genes were encoded on the same DNA strand and in the same orientation. The overall nucleotide composition of the P. minutus mt genome was 38.2% T, 27.3% G, 26.2% A, and 8.3% C. The amino acid sequences of 12 PCGs for mt genomes of 28 platyzoans, including P. minutus, were used for phylogenetic analysis, and the resulting topology recovers P. minutus as sister to Southwellina hispida (Van Cleave, 1925), and the two taxa form a sister clade to Centrorhynchus aluconis (Müller, 1780) and Plagiorhynchus transversus (Rudolphi, 1819), which are all species in the Palaeacanthocephala, thus supporting the monophyly of this class.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
9. Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) zabensis sp. n. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from freshwater fish in northern Iraq
- Creator:
- Amin, Omar M., Abdullah, Shamall M. A., and Mhaisen, Furhan T.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Acanthocephala, Neoechinorhynchidae, Neoechinorhynchus zabensis, Capoeta damascina, Capoeta trutta, Zab River, and Iraq
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) zabensis sp. n. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) is described from Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes, 1842) (type host) and Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843) in the Greater and Lesser Zab Rivers, northern Iraq. The new species is unique among all other species of the genus by its characteristic paired para-vaginal muscular appendage and fragmented giant nuclei in the lemnisci. Eleven of the other 88 valid species of Neoechinorhynchus and N. zabensis have middle and posterior hooks of equal length. However, N. zabensis is distinguished from the others by size of trunk, proboscis, proboscis hooks and lemnisci, number of giant nuclei, position of female gonopore, and geographical and host distribution. It is also distinguished from six other species of Neoechinorhynchus previously reported from Iraq. Other distinguishing features are also included.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
10. Pomphorhynchidae and Quadrigyridae (Acanthocephala), including a new genus and species (Pallisentinae), from freshwater fishes, Cobitidae and Cyprinodontidae, in Turkey
- Creator:
- Smales, Lesley R., Aydogdu, Ali, and Emre, Yilmaz
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Acanthocephala, taxonomy, morphology, Triaspiron aphanii, Pomphorhynchus tereticollis, freshwater fish, Cobitis bilseli, Aphanius mento, Lake Beysehir, and Kirkgöz Springs
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- During a survey of freshwater fishes from Turkey two species of Acanthocephala, one of them new, were found. Pomphorhynchus tereticollis (Pomphorhynchidae) is reported at 24% prevalence in 37 Cobitis bilseli (Cobitidae) from Lake Beysehir, Konya, for the first time. The eoacanthoacaphalan Triaspiron aphanii gen. n. et sp. n. (Quadrigyridae), at a prevalence of 90%, is described from 29 Aphanius mento (Cyprinodontidae), from Kirkgöz Springs, Antalya. The new genus most closely resembles Raosentis Datta, 1947, both having a small spindle shaped trunk, and Acanthogyrus Thapar, 1927, both having a proboscis armature of three circles of hooks. Triaspiron differs from Raosentis in proboscis shape, cylindrical not globular, proboscis armature, three circles, a total of 16 hooks in all, not four circles, a total of 26-30 hooks in all, and trunk spination, two fields of spines in the anterior field with spines arranged in up to 40 circular rows, not a single field with 9-17 rows of spines. Triaspiron differs from Acanthogyrus in having fewer proboscis hooks, 16 compared with 18-24, arranged in three circles, one anterior and two posteriorly placed, with an unarmed region between, not three circles of hooks evenly spaced, and two fields of trunk spines, not one.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public