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Start Over Subject 591

3. Avitaminosa a plodivost: Experimentální studie

Creator:
Kučera, Cyrill
Publisher:
Vys. škola zvěrolékařská and Píša [distributor]
Format:
print and 44 s. : 1 příl., 4 obr., 5 diagr. ; v. 8°
Type:
model:monograph and TEXT
Subject:
Obecná zoologie, fertilita zvířat, avitaminóza, vitaminy, výzkum, 2, 591, and UL012
Language:
Czech
Description:
Dr. agr. Cyril Kučera, Se 7 tab. atd., and Přednes. v Biologické společnosti v Brně
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

5. Die Verbreitung der Fische: Monografie

Creator:
Palacký, Jan and Královská česká společnost nauk
Publisher:
J. Palacký
Format:
print and 239 s.
Type:
model:monograph and TEXT
Subject:
Obecná zoologie, ryby, zoogeografie, ekologie živočichů, fishes, zoogeography, animal ecology, 597.2/.5, 591.9, 591.5, (048.8), 2, and 591
Language:
German
Description:
von J. Palacký., KČSN, and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

6. Different functional responsibility of the small intestine to high-fat/high-energy diet determined the expression of obesity-prone and obesity-resistant phenotypes in rats

Creator:
Šefčíková, Z., Hájek, T., Ľudovít Lenhardt, Raček, Ľ., and Mozeš, Š.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Obecná zoologie, fyziologie živočichů, obezita, krmiva, animal physiology, obesity, feeds, diet-induced obesity, intestinal functinality, feed efficiency, energy homeostasis, 2, and 591
Language:
English
Description:
The objective of the present experiment was to assess the involvement of small intestine in expression of susceptibility or resistance to the high-fat/high-energy diet. The investigation was carried out in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats fed either standard laboratory diet (3.2 kcal/g, 9.5 % fat) or high-fat (HF) diet (4.04 kcal/g, 30 % fat) for 4 weeks as well as in HF rats that were retrospectively designated on the bases of their higher or lower weight gain as sensitive (DIO) or resistant (DR) to obesity. Our results revealed in HF group significant increase in energy intake, food efficiency, weight gain and Lee´s index of obesity. Moreover, in comparison with controls, a significantly increased duodenal and jejunal alkaline phosphatase (AP) and α-glucosidase activity as well as hypertrophy of jejunal mucosa (increased protein/DNA ratio) were observed in HF fed rats. In contrast, intestinal function was inversely related to energy intake or to the development of adiposity in DIO vs. DR rats. The DR rats had significantly greater AP and α-glucosidase activity and more pronounced suppression of energy intake than obese DIO rats. It indicates that the increase of enzyme activities and the lowered effectiveness of nutrient absorption might be a significant factor preventing the expression of obesity proneness. This information contributes to a better understanding of a complex interaction between HF diet feeding and small intestinal adaptability, which determines the energy homeostasis and predict the ability to resist or develop obesity in these phenotypes., Z. Šefčíková, T. Hájek, Ľ. Lenhardt, Ľ. Raček, Š. Možeš., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

7. Effect of pectin and amidated pectin on cholesterol homeostasis and cecal metabolism in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet

Creator:
Milan Marounek, Zdeněk Volek, Andriy Synytsya, and Jana Čopíková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Obecná zoologie, fyziologie živočichů, potkan, cholesterol, výkaly, animal physiology, Rattus norvegicus, excrements, pektin, amidopektiny, pectin, amidated pectins, 2, and 591
Language:
English
Description:
a1_Two experiments were performed to compare the effect of pectin and its hydrophobic derivatives on homeostasis of cholesterol and cecal metabolism in male young rats. Control rats were fed a diet supplemented with palm fat and cholesterol (50 and 10 g/kg, respectively). Rats of other gro ups were fed the same diet containing citrus pectin or octadecylpectinamide (60 g/kg). Diets were fed for 4 weeks. In experiment I, pectinamide of lower degree of amidation (30 %) increased serum HDL cholesterol from 1.20 to 1.43 μmol/ml (p>0.05) at the expense of other cholesterol fractions. In experiment II, pectinamide of a higher degree of amidation (53 %) significantly decreased total serum cholesterol from 2.08 to 1.67 μmol/ml. Amidated pectins at both levels of substitution significantly decreased hepatic concentrations of cholesterol and fat. In both experiments the relative weight of cecum in the pectinamide group was significantly lower than in pectin group. The highest cecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were found in rats fed a diet with pectin (133.2 and 129.3 μmol/g in experiment I and II, respectively). In other groups, cecal SCFA was significantly (pectinamide groups) or non-significantly (controls) lower. In wet feces, SCFA concentrations were higher and butyrate molar proportions lower than in corresponding cecal contents., a2_Pectinamide of a lower or higher degree of substitution significantly increased fecal content of cholesterol from 18.5 and 17.3 μmol/g in controls to 31.8 and 28.0 μmol/g, respectively. Corresponding concentrations of coprostanol were decreased. Effects of pectin on cholesterol homeostasis were absent or marginal. Histological examination revealed that hepatic tissue of control and pectin-fed rats was infiltrated with lipids. The Sudan black-positive material was absent in the liver of rats fed pectinamides. No pathological changes of liver tissue were apparent. In summary, hydrophobic amidated pectins significantly altered cholesterol homeostasis in rats and might be considered as a clinically effective hypocholesterolemic agent. Low cecal SCFA concentrations in rats fed pectinamides suggest that amidation of pectin had decreased its fermentability., M. Marounek, Z. Volek, A. Synytsya, J. Čopíková., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

8. Functional changes of the small intestine in over- and undernourished suckling rats support the development of obesity risk on a high-energy diet in later life

Creator:
Mozeš, Š., Šefčíková, Z., and Ľudovít Lenhardt
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Obecná zoologie, fyziologie živočichů, ontogeneze, střeva, obezita, animal physiology, ontogeny, intestines, obesity, poporodní výživa, postnatal nutrition, intestinal ontogeny, hypercaloric diet, intestinal functionality, 2, and 591
Language:
English
Description:
To investigate the relationship between early nutritional experience, ontogeny of the small intestinal functions and predisposition to obesity development, the following experimental models of male Sprague-Dawley rats were used: 1) rats in which the quantity of nutrition was manipulated from birth to weaning (day 30) by adjusting the number of pups in the nest to 4 (SL), 10 (NL) and 16 pups (LL) and 2) littermates of SL, NL and LL rats fed either a standard or a hypercaloric diet from days 80 to 135 of age. The overfed SL pups were overweight after day 15 and became permanently obese, whereas the underfed smaller LL pups, due to accelerated growth and enhanced food intake from day 30 to day 35, attained a body fat level that did not differ from normally fed NL rats. Moreover, a significantly increased duodenal and jejunal alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity was found in SL and LL rats and these acquired somatic and intestinal characteristics persisted from weaning throughout life. Eight weeks of high-energy diet feeding elicited a similar pattern of intestinal response in SL and LL rats that was clearly different from NL rats. Despite energy overconsumption in these three groups, both SL and LL rats still displayed enhanced AP activity and showed a significant increase in protein/DNA ratio accompanied with a significant body fat accretion. These results indicate that the postnatally acquired small intestinal changes induced by over- and undernutrition could be involved in the similar predisposition to obesity risk in later life when caloric density of the diet is raised., Š. Možeš, Z. Šefčíková, Ľ. Lenhardt., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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